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South Farm Sustainable Agriculture Project
Entered into: Design You Like You Give a Damn 2 Nomination Process
Overview team updates workspace calendar files
Submitted by mhogan on Sat, 2009-12-19 18:11.

* Agriculture/Food
* Design Like You Give a Damn
* DLYGAD
* Education Facility - College/University
* agriculture
* farm
* Food
* found material
* organic
* recycled
* sustainable
* United States

Created By mhogan on December 21st, 2009 (view larger)
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

Project Name: South Farm Sustainable Agriculture Project

Project Type:
1) urban planning design strategy
2) landscape design
3) graphic design
4) interior design
5) industrial/product design
6) architecture
7) other.

Project Mission/Goal:
1) improve the human spirit
2) increase awareness of the environment and/or address climate change
3) respond to our growing need for clean water, power, shelter, healthcare, education
4) address humanitarian crises
5) other.

Project Description:
"Food is the most direct link we have between culture and nature, city and farm folk." - Wendell Berry.

For a total of almost 3 years, students from the University of Kentucky's College of Design worked on several projects to help give life to the University's first Sustainable Agriculture Farm.

This farm, which is around 100 acres, is located on the southern end of the Lexington Metropolitan Area. The proximity of the farm to the city makes it highly visible and ideally situated to educate and impact many Lexington and Fayette county residents. During the development of the organic section of the farm, a collaboration was established with School of Architecture students working in Design/Build studios, to build the necessary structures to allow for the implementation of a working organic farm.

Students began by converting a dilapidated old shed into what has now become known as the "Organic Farming Research and Education Center." Their structures, including a new storage building, an outdoor classroom, and an operations building followed. This effort has created a model of multi-disciplinary collaboration that is resonating beyond the Research Farm. Architecture students worked alongside Landscape Design and Agriculture students to first create a masterplan of the entire site and then began to build the necessary structures one at a time. The buildings are primarily composed of found and recycled materials (many of which came from the farm itself), in an effort to re-think the typical materials and process of construction. This methodology was employed in part due to an extremely limited budget, but also became an effort to imagine new life from recycled materials and minimize waste. A primary goal throughout construction was to minimize excavation as much as possible, thereby preserving the rich agricultural landscape.

The Organic Farm has since implemented a CSA - Community Supported Agriculture Program, where local families purchase shares of what is grown on the farm. The farm provides fresh, organic produce for hundreds of families in the area. It is a place where collaboration between university disciplines has bridged traditional barriers. Above all, it is a place where students can rediscover the roots of where food comes from naturally. The farm is a green island of hope surrounded by sprawling neighborhoods and urban pavement.

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Project Details:
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Concept/Lead Architect(s)/Designer(s): University of Kentucky College of Design
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Year (s): 2007 - 2010
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Nominated by Michael Hogan

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* Name: Design You Like You Give a Damn 2 Nomination Process
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The competition entry ID for this project is 5906.
Project Details
NAME: South Farm Sustainable Agriculture Project
PROJECT LEAD: University of Kentucky School of Architecture
LOCATION: Lexington, Kentucky, United States
START DATE: August 13, 2005
CURRENT PHASE: Construction complete
BUILDING TYPE: Education Facility - College/University
SITE: University of Kenucky Horticulture Research Farm
BENEFICIARIES: University of Kentucky Students, Faculty, Staff
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2010-05-23T04:28:00.000-07:00

Subsurface drip irrigation, cover crops and conservation tillage effects on greenhouse gas emissions.
By Cynthia Kallenbach, Will Horwath, Z. Kabir, and Dennis Rolston
Issue of Concern

California is the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the U.S., of which an estimated 8% of total state carbon dioxide (CO2) and 59% of nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) are from agricultural activities. Increased pressure on water supplies, water and air quality, and the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions necessitates the adoption of more sustainable farming practices to address these issues. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is one promising practice that uses less water, eliminates irrigation tail water return and has the potential to reduce CO2 and N2O emissions.
Greenhouse gases in agriculture

CO2 and N2O emissions from the soil are primarily the result of the activities of naturally occurring soil microorganisms. On-farm activities such as tillage, irrigation, and high inputs of carbon and nitrogen to the soil are known to influence soil microbial activity and processes related to trace gas emissions. Thus, limiting or changing these activities has the potential to reduce the CO2 and N2O emissions from agricultural soils. The majority of soil microorganisms are most active in moist and warm soils, the dominant soil condition in the summer when the fields are irrigated. The most common irrigation practice in California row crop systems is furrow irrigation (FI). Recently, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is gaining popularity as prices become more economical and equipment becomes more durable. Under FI, the entire soil profile is wetted to near saturation to achieve uniform water distribution. This can often lead to an excess of water beyond crop needs leading to lower water use efficiency. In SDI, water delivery is minimized to an area of the soil profile directly beneath the crop. The confined spatial delivery of water in SDI limits microbial activity to the small area directly around the drip line. Furthermore, fertilizer can be delivered in small increments through the drip tape (fertigation) directly to the plant roots, increasing nitrogen (N) use efficiency, leaving less N to be transformed to N2O by microorganisms.
Findings

We are currently wrapping up a two-year study designed to examine the potential of SDI to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, we are examining the effects of winter legume cover crop (WLCC) and conservation tillage (CT) to reduce soil emissions of CO2 and N2O under FI and SDI. These treatments were compared to no winter cover crop (NCC) and standard tillage (ST). Carbon dioxide and N2O emissions from soil were monitored bi-weekly starting in the winter of 2005.
CO2 Emission

Annually, the SDI treatments had a 4% lower CO2 emission rate compared to the FI treatments. During the growing season, total CO2 emissions were lower in the SDI treatments and were not different during the winter season compared to FI. In general, the FI-CT plots often showed higher CO2 emissions. This may have been a result of a high density of weeds in the FI-CT plots, adding to the amount of CO2 from root respiration, as well as sustained higher soil moisture content under CT. In the SDI-CT plots, weed populations were low and there was little difference in CO2 emissions between tillage treatments.
[Nitrous oxide emissions from July 6, 2006 by treatment]
Figure 1. Nitrous oxide emissions from July 6, 2006 by treatment.
N2O Emissions

Of the 100 lbs. N/acre fertilizer application, 18% was lost as N2O from the FI treatments compared to 4% N lost as N2O in the SDI treatments. The highest N2O emissions were found in the FI-WLCC treatments, while the lowest N2O emissions tended to be in the SDI-NCC treatments.

The WLCC treatment across both irrigation types consistently showed higher N2O emissions compared to the NCC treatment (Figure 1). Cover crops can be crucial in reducing winter runoff and in increasing carbon sequestration. However, this and other studies have shown that they may also increase N2O emissions. This may be a result of the addition of N to the soil in the form that can then be transformed into N2O under ideal soil moisture and temperature. Using a non-N fixing cover crop such as cereal may help reduce this effect.
Summary

Our results suggest that the conversion to SDI from FI has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although our findings suggest that growing a leguminous cover crop may enhance N2O emissions, this effect is greatly reduced under SDI and is less than the more common FI-NCC system (Figure 1). The difference in emissions between irrigation treatments was much more profound for N2O than for CO2, with SDI having lower emissions. Although both gases are significant contributors to global warming, N2O is 300 times more potent than CO2. Agriculture accounts for more than half of N2O emissions in California and the world. The adoption of SDI technology is increasing in the Central Valley, but still represents less than 15% of all irrigation despite some of the demonstrated benefits of water savings and reduction in greenhouse emissions. The upfront costs and maintenance requirements of SDI may be part of the reason for its slow adoption. We hope that our fall 2007 results on the economics of SDI will help growers evaluate the benefits of alternative irrigati

2010-05-23T04:23:00.003-07:00

2010-05-23T04:01:00.000-07:00

2010-05-23T03:43:00.000-07:00

2010-05-23T02:58:00.001-07:00

2010-05-23T02:31:00.000-07:00

Malheur Experiment Station
Oregon State University
Information for Sustainable Agriculture
Irrigation Managment for Drip-Irrigated Onions
Clinton C. Shock, Erik B. G. Feibert, and Lamont D. Saunders
Malheur Experiment Station
Oregon State University
Ontario, OR, 1998

Summary

Onions (cv. Vision) were submitted to 8 soil water potential (swp) treatments using subsurface drip irrigation in 1997 and 1998. Onions were grown on two double rows spaced 22 in apart on 44-in beds with a drip tape buried 6 in deep in the bed center. Soil water potential was maintained nearly constant at five levels by automated, high frequency irrigations based on swp measurements at 8-in depth. In 1997, the highest total and colossal yields were achieved with the wettest swp tested, -10 kPa. The highest marketable yield was achieved with a swp of -21 kPa because of an increase in storage decomposition with increasing swp. In 1998, the highest total, marketable, and colossal onion yields were achieved with the wettest swp tested, -10 kPa. Storage decomposition was not responsive to swp in 1998. Onion profits were maximized in 1997 by a SWP of -17 kPa, and in 1998 profits were highest with the highest SWP tested of -10 kPa. Maintenance of swp at -10 and -20 kPa required 36 and 27 acre-in/acre in 1997 and in 1998 required 37 and 23 acre-in/acre of applied water. Onion evapotranspiration from emergence to the last irrigation was estimated in 1997 to be 27 acre-in/acre and in 1998 to be 28 acre-in/acre. Reducing the soil moisture after July 15 below -20 kPa did not have any significant or consistent effect on storage decomposition, but tended to reduce colossal onion yield in 1997 and marketable and total yield in 1998

Introduction

Previous research with furrow-irrigated onions at the Malheur Experiment Station has demonstrated the sensitivity of onions to small water deficits and the need to maintain high SWP for optimum yield and economic return (Shock et al., 1998a). The superior water application efficiency with subsurface drip irrigation allows for more precise irrigation management than with furrow irrigation. With subsurface drip irrigation, onions can be irrigated so that swp can be maintained nearly constant, avoiding the oscillations in soil water common with furrow or sprinkler irrigation. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of different and stable SWP with subsurface drip irrigation on onion yield and quality.

Methods

Trials were conducted at the Malheur Experiment Station on fields of Owyhee silt loam previously planted to wheat. Spring soil samples from the top foot of soil in 1997 and 1998 respectively, showed a pH of 7 and 7.5, 1.5 and 2.3 percent organic matter, and 110 and 36 lb N/acre available.

Onions (cv. Vision, Petoseed, Payette, ID) were planted in 2 double rows, spaced 22 in apart in 44-inch beds on April 16, 1997 and on April 14, 1998. Onions were planted at 140,000 seeds/acre (4.1 in/seed). Drip tape (Nelson Irrigation Corp., Walla Walla, WA) was laid simultaneously with planting at 6-in depth between the two double onion rows. The drip tape had emitters spaced 12 in apart and a flow rate of 0.24 gal/minute/100 ft. Immediately after planting the onion rows received 3.7 oz of 'Lorsban 15G' per 1000 ft of row (0.82 lb ai/acre), and the soil surface was rolled. The trials were irrigated three times in 1997 and twice in 1998 with a microsprinkler system (R10 Turbo Rotator, Nelson Irrigation Corp., Walla Walla, WA) before onion emergence. Risers were spaced 25 ft apart along the flexible polyethylene hose laterals which were spaced 30 ft apart. Onions started emerging on May 1, 1997 and on April 29, 1998.

Irrigation treatments consisted of five swp levels (-10, -20, -30, -50, and -70 kPa), maintained nearly constant at 8-in depth during the entire season. In addition, there were three treatments where the swp was maintained nearly constant at -20 kPa until July 15 and then decreased to -30, -50, or -70 kPa for the remainder of the season. The swp (8-in depth) was maintained constant by 0.06 acre-in/acre of water applied up to eight times a day based on swp readings every 3 hours. The irrigation treatments were started in early June. The 8 irrigation treatments were replicated five times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 2-beds wide and 50-ft long.

Soil water potential was measured with four granular matrix sensors (GMS, Watermark Soil Moisture Sensors Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, CA) at 8-inch depth, below one onion row in each plot. Sensors were calibrated to swp (Shock et al. 1998b). The GMS were connected to a datalogger (CR 10 datalogger, Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT) via five multiplexers (AM 410 multiplexer, Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT). The datalogger was programmed to read the GMS in each plot every 3 hours and, if necessary, irrigate the plots individually, according to the plot's irrigation criteria. The irrigations were controlled by the datalogger using a controller (SDM CD16AC controller, Campbell Scientific, Logan, Utah) connected to solenoid valves in each plot. The pressure in the drip lines was maintained at 10 psi by pressure regulators in each plot. The amount of water applied to each plot was recorded daily at 8:00 a.m. from a water meter installed between the solenoid valve and the drip tape. Irrigations were terminated on August 29, 1997 and on September 10, 1998.

Onion evapotranspiration (Etc) was calculated with a modified Penman equation (Wright, 1982) using data collected at the Malheur Experiment Station by an AgriMet weather station. Onion Etc was estimated and recorded from crop emergence until the final irrigation.

Fertilizer solutions were applied through the drip lines via a venturi injector (Mazzei injector Model 1087). Uran at 20 lb N/acre was applied weekly from early June through early July totaling 100 lb N/acre in 1997. An additional two applications of 25 lb N/acre following the hail storm on July 4, 1998 resulted in a total of 150 lb N/acre being applied in 1998.

Postemergence weed control was achieved with one herbicide application in 1997, two herbicide applications in 1998, one hand weeding in 1997, and two hand weedings in 1998. Thrips control and disease control (including downy mildew) was achieved with two insecticide and fungicide applications in 1997 and four insecticide and fungicide applications in 1998.

Onions were lifted on September 23 each year. In late September, the onions in the central 40 ft of the middle two double rows in each plot were topped by hand and placed into storage. Onions were graded out of storage on December 15, 1997 and on December 2, 1998. Rotten and split bulbs were separated before grading. Bulbs were graded according to diameter: small (< 2¼ in), medium (2¼ to 3-in), jumbo (3 to 4-in), and colossal (4-in and larger). Marketable onions were mediums, jumbos, and colossals. Total yield included rotten and split bulbs.

All bulbs from each plot were counted during grading to estimate the plant population.

Gross economic returns were calculated by crediting each marketable onion class with the average price of onions paid to the grower from the beginning of the marketing season in early August through January for each year. Average onion prices for each year were calculated from data prepared by the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Idaho Falls, ID. Average onion prices per hundred weight were: $2.90 in 1997 and $3.52 in 1998 for mediums, $4.42 in 1997 and $9.96 in 1998 for jumbos, and $6.20 in 1997 and $13.74 in 1998 for colossals. Production costs were based on data prepared by Malheur County Extension (Oregon State University, Ontario, OR). Fertilization costs were calculated by assuming 150 lb N/acre applied to the -10, -20, -30, kPa treatments and 75 lb N/acre applied to the -50 and -70 kPa treatments. Irrigation costs were the same for all treatments except for the diesel fuel for the pump. Onion loading, hauling, and storage costs were calculated based on the yield for each treatment. All other production costs were considered the same for all treatments.

Data were analyzed by regression (NCSS 6.0, Number Cruncher Statistical Systems, Kaysville, UT). The SWP for maximum yield and profit responses in 1997 was calculated using the first derivative of the regression equation using the formula

x = - b/(2vc) where x is the SWP and b and c are the regression equation coefficients for the first and second order terms, respectively of the quadratic equation

Y = a + bx + cx2.

Results and Discussion

The microsprinkler system used to germinate the onions resulted in uniform emergence. There was no significant difference between treatments in plant population. The average plant population based on bulbs packed out of storage was 103,841 plants/acre in 1997 and 94,159 plants/acre in 1998.

The onion crop suffered from suboptimal growing conditions in 1998. The growing season started out cooler and wetter than normal. The month of May had 4.55 in of precipitation compared to the 50-year mean of 1.02 in. A severe hail storm on July 4 resulted in close to 100 percent onion leaf loss. Plants were reduced to 2-in high, injured stubs. The months of July and August were hotter than normal. Weather station data recorded 11 days with maximum air temperatures of 100 oF or higher compared to the 50-year mean of 5 days. There were far more degree-days in the above optimal range (86 to 104 0F) in 1998 compared to the previous 8-year mean; 70 percent more in July and 29 percent more in August. The hot weather in July and August resulted in higher total Etc in 1998 than in 1997, despite the cool and wet weather in May and June (Table 1). The hot weather in July and August was suboptimal for onions especially for the regrowth of hail-damaged onions where most of the soil surface was uncovered.

The automated drip irrigation system maintained the swp at 8-in depth relatively constant for the -10 kPa and -20 kPa treatments (Fig. 1). The swp at 8-in depth for the -30 kPa, -50 kPa, and -70 kPa treatments oscillated more and the oscillations increased with decreasing swp. The swp at 20-in depth generally was close to the swp at 8-in depth. The swp decreased rapidly with the termination of irrigations each year.

The total amount of water applied to the -10 kPa treatment was substantially higher than the estimated Etc indicating the possibility of deep percolation and nitrate leaching (Table 1). The total amount of water applied to the -20 kPa treatment was close to Etc. Water applications over time were higher than Etc for the -10 kPa treatment and were close to Etc for the -20 kPa treatment (Fig. 2).

In 1997, the highest total and colossal yields were achieved with the wettest swp tested, -10 kPa (Fig. 3). The highest marketable yield in 1997 was achieved with a swp of -21.1 kPa because of an increase in storage decomposition with increasing swp.

In 1998, the highest total, marketable, and colossal onion yields were achieved with the wettest swp tested, -10 kPa (Fig. 4). Storage decomposition was not responsive to swp in 1998. Onion profits were maximized in 1997 by a SWP of -17 kPa. The lower optimum SWP for profits than for marketable yield (-21 kPa) is a reflection of the higher monetary value placed on large bulbs. In 1998 profits were highest with the highest SWP tested of -10 kPa.

Reducing the swp level after July 15 below -20 kPa did not have any significant or consistent effect on storage decomposition, but tended to reduce colossal onion yield in 1997 and marketable and total yields in 1998 (Table 2). Storage decomposition was low in this trial, averaging 1.6 percent in 1997 and 2.9 percent in 1998. Based on these results, the idea of cutting back irrigation in the later part of the season to reduce bulb decomposition in storage was not valid at Ontario.

References

Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 1998a. Onion yield and quality affected by soil water potential as irrigation threshold. HortScience 33:188-191.

Shock, C.C.; J. Barnum; and M. Seddigh. 1998b. Calibration of Watermark soil moisture sensors for irrigation management. p. 139-146. Proceedings of the International Irrigation Show, Irrigation Association, San Diego, CA.

Wright, J.L. 1982. New evapotranspiration crop coefficients. J. Irrig. Drain. Div., ASCE 108:57-74.

Table 1. Total water applied to drip-irrigated onions to maintain soil water potential at different levels at 8-in depth, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 1997-1998. Precipitation and Etc were measured from emergence to the final irrigation.
Year Total irrigation water Precipitation Estimated Etc
-10 kPa -20 kPa -30 kPa -50 kPa -70 kPa

-------------------------------------acre-in/acre ----------------------------------------
1997 35.9 27.2 21.4 17.5 14 3.2 26.8
1998 36.8 23.2 20.6 13.6 11.9 6.4 28.2

Table 2. Effect of reducing subsurface drip irrigation and the soil water potential late in the season. Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 1997-1998.
Soil water potential

(kPa)
Percent decomposition Decomposition Colossal Marketable Total yield
1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998
Early After July 15 ----- % ----- ------------------------------------- cwt/acre -----------------------------------
-20 -20 1.7 2.0 15.9 8.7 386.2 5.0 882.3 473.5 933.3 497.2
-20 -30 1.4 2.2 13.1 10.1 314.1 3.8 830.9 461.6 934.8 486.0
-20 -50 2.1 5.2 20.1 19.6 267.3 0.7 895.3 343.9 958.1 382.3
-20 -70 1.0 3.0 9.0 8.9 184.7 1.7 744.1 282.1 799.9 319.2
LSD (0.05) NS† 2.3 NS NS 105.3 NS NS 91.2 NS 86.6

†NS: not significant

Figure 1. Soil water potential at 8-in depth for drip irrigated onions, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 1997-1998.

Figure 2. Cumulative water applied to drip-irrigated onions, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 1997-1998.

Figure 3. Onion yield response to soil water potential at 8-in depth, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 1997.

Figure 4. Onion yield response to soil water potential at 8-in depth. Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 1998. Onion yields and grade were reduced by hail for all treatments in 1998.

Figure 5. Effect of soil water potential on onion profits, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 1997-1998.

Home Crops Weather Potato Blight Water Quality Irrigation Weeds Search

MES Publications, MES Notice of events, Vegetation,Malheur County, Leslie Gulch,Succor Creek,Owyhee River,Local wildlife,Strawberry Mountain, Eagle Caps
For additional information about the Malheur Agricultural Experiment Station, please send an e-mail request to:
Dr. Clinton C. Shock
Clinton.Shock@oregonstate.edu

Malheur Agricultural Experiment Station
595 Onion Avenue
Ontario, OR 97914
(541) 889-2174

Last updated Tuesday August 10, 2004 .

2010-05-23T02:27:00.000-07:00

Malheur Experiment Station
Oregon State University
Information for Sustainable Agriculture

Drip Irrigation: An Introduction

EM 8782
August 2006, June 2001
C.C. Shock
Contents (download a printable version)

Why consider drip irrigation?
Components and design of a drip irrigation system
Management of drip irrigation
Additional Resources

In an effort to find an alternative method of irrigating crops with high water demands in an arid region, we considered drip irrigation. Drip irrigation is the slow, even application of low pressure water to soil and plants using plastic tubing placed directly at the plants root zone.
Why consider drip irrigation?

Drip irrigation can help you use water efficiently. A well-designed drip irrigation system loses practically no water to runoff, deep percolation, or evaporation. Drip irrigation reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems, and fruit. Thus conditions may be less favorable for the onset of diseases. Irrigation scheduling can be managed precisely to meet crop demands, holding the promise of increased yield and quality.

Growers and irrigation professionals often refer to "subsurface drip irrigation," or SDI. When a drip tape or tube is buried below the soil surface, it is less vulnerable to damage during cultivation or weeding. With SDI, water use efficiency is maximized because there is even less evaporation or runoff.

Agricultural chemicals can be applied more efficiently with drip irrigation. Since only the crop root zone is irrigated, nitrogen already in the soil is less subject to leaching losses, and applied fertilizer N can be used more efficiently. In the case of insecticides, less product might be needed. Make sure the insecticide is labeled for application through drip irrigation.

Additional advantages of drip irrigation include:

* Drip systems are adaptable to oddly shaped fields or those with uneven topography or soil texture; these specific factors must be considered in designing the drip system. Drip systems also can work well where other irrigation systems are inefficient because parts of the field have excessive infiltration, water puddling, or runoff.

* Drip irrigation can be helpful if water is scarce or expensive. Because evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation are reduced and irrigation uniformity is improved, it is not necessary to "over-water" parts of a field to adequately irrigate the more difficult parts.

* Precise application of nutrients is possible using drip irrigation. Fertilizer costs and nitrate losses can be reduced. Nutrient applications can be better timed to meet plants' needs.

* Drip irrigation systems can be designed and managed so that the wheel traffic rows are dry enough to allow tractor operations at any time. Timely application of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides is possible.

* Proven yield and quality responses to drip irrigation have been observed in onion, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, melon, tomato, and cotton.

* A drip irrigation system can be automated. For an example of automated drip irrigation, see the Malheur Experiment Station's 1998 onion drip irrigation trial results.

There are some disadvantages to drip irrigation. For example:

* Drip irrigation systems typically cost $500 to $1,200 or more per acre. Part of the cost is a capital investment useful for several years, and part is annual. Systems can be more elaborate and costly than they need to be. Growers new to drip irrigation might want to start with a relatively simple system on a small acreage.

* Drip tape or tubing must be managed to avoid leaking or plugging. Drip emitters are easily plugged by silt or other particles not filtered out of the irrigation water. Emitter plugging also can be caused by algae growing in the tape or by chemical deposits at the emitter.

* You might need to redesign your weed control program. Drip irrigation might be unsatisfactory if herbicides need sprinkler irrigation for activation. However, drip irrigation can enhance weed control in arid climates by keeping much of the soil surface dry. Tape depth must be chosen carefully for compatibility with operations such as cultivation and weeding.

* Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest. You'll need to plan for drip tape disposal, recycling or reuse.

Despite all of drip irrigation's potential benefits, converting to drip irrigation can increase production costs, especially where an irrigation system already is in place. Ultimately, there must be an economic advantage to drip irrigation to make it worthwhile.
Top
Components and design of a drip irrigation system

A wide range of components and system design options is available. The Digital Drip Directory lists equipment and suppliers. Drip tape varies greatly in its specifications, depending on the manufacturer and its use (Table 1). The distribution system, valves, and pumps must match the supply requirements of the tape. Tape, depth of tape placement, distance between tapes, emitter spacing and flow, and irrigation management all must be chosen carefully based on crop water requirements and the soil's properties. Drip tubing rather than drip tape is usually used for perennial crops such as grapes or poplar trees.

Table 1. Drip tape specifications by manufacturer.
Manufacturer

Diameter (inches)

Wall
thickness
(mil)

Emitter
spacing
(in)

Emitter
flow rates
(gal/h)
Chapin Watermatics
5/8, 7/8 4, 6, 8, 10, 15
2, 4, 8, 9, 12, 16, 24 0.125 - 0.65
Drip Tape Man. and Eng. Inc.
5/8, 7/8 5, 6, 7-8, 10, 15 4 1/4, 8 1/2, 12 3/4, 17 1/4 0.15, 0.21, 0.28
Eurodrip 5/8, 7/8, 1
6, 8, 10, 12, 15
8.48
0.16, 0.25, 0.40, 0.60, 1.00
Netafim
5/8, 7/8, 1 6, 8, 10, 13, 15 customize > 7
0.16, 0.21, 0.24, 0.33, 0.48, 0.60
Roberts Irrigation Products
5/8, 3/4, 7/8 5, 6, 8, 10, 13,
15 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 0.13, 0.18, 0.20 0.24, 0.27, 0.34, 0.50
T-Systems International
3/8, 5/8, 7/8,
1 3/8 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 20
4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 24 0.14, 0.17, 0.20, 0.22, 0.27, 0.28, 0.34, 0.40, 0.44, 0.45, 0.67
ToroAg
5/8, 7/8, 1 3/8
4, 6, 8, 10,12,
15 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 0.13, 0.15, 0.20, 0.27, 0.34

The wetting pattern of water in the soil from the drip irrigation tape must reach plant roots. Emitter spacing depends on the crop root system and soil properties. Seedling plants such as onions have relatively small root systems, especially early in the season.

Design must take into account the effect of the land's contour on pressure and flow requirements. Plan for water distribution uniformity by carefully considering the tape, irrigation lengths, topography, and the need for periodic flushing of the tape. Design vacuum relief valves into the system.

When designing a drip system, first identify fairly similar Irrigation zones. Irrigation zones are based on factors such as topography, field length, soil texture, optimal tape run length, and filter capacity. Many irrigation system suppliers use computer programs to easily analyze these factors and design drip systems. Once the zones are assigned and the drip system is designed, it is possible to schedule irrigations to meet the unique needs of the crop in each zone.

Consider power and water source limitations. Have your water analyzed by a laboratory that is qualified to evaluate emitter plugging hazards. Water quality might create limitations and increase system costs. Filters must be able to handle worst-case scenarios.

Finally, be sure to include both injectors for chemigation and flow meters to confirm system performance.
Filters and Pumps

Every trickle counts when you are battling a water shortage. An ineffective or improperly managed filter station can waste a lot of water and threaten a drip system's fitness and accuracy.

In the western U.S., sand media filters have been used extensively for micro irrigation systems. Screen filters and disk filters are common as alternatives or for use in combination with sand media filters.

Sand media filters provide filtration to 200 mesh, which is necessary to clean surface water and water from open canals for drip irrigation. These water sources pick up a lot of fine grit and organic material, which must be removed before the water passes through the drip tape emitters.

Sand media filters are designed to be self-cleaning through a "backflush" mechanism. This mechanism detects the drop in pressure due to the accumulation of filtered particles. It then flushes water back through the sand to dispose of clay, silt, and organic particles.

Sand used for filters should be between size 16 and 20 to prevent excess back flushing. To assure enough clean water for back flushing, several smaller sand media filters are more appropriate than a single large sand media filter (Gleski, 2003).

In addition to a sand media filter, a screen filter can be used as a prefilter to remove larger organic debris before it reaches the sand media filter, or as a secondary filter before the irrigation water enters the drip tube (Figure 1). For best results, filters should remove particles four times smaller than the emitter opening, as particles may clump together and clog emitters. Screen filters can act as a safe guard if the main filters fail, or may act as the main filter if a sufficiently clear underground water source is used.

Figure 1

Figure 1. Drip irrigation systems with a prefilter, pump station with backflow prevention, and chemical injection site. The chemical injection site can be before or after the main filter station. A pressure control valve is recommended to adjust the water pressure as desired before it enters the drip lines. A water meter can be placed after the pressure control or between a solenoid valve and each zone. An air vent provides vacuum relief. Vacuum relief is necessary between the solenoid valve and the drip tapes to avoid suction of soil into the emitters when the system is shut off.

Top
System Management
If a drip hose system is used on the soil surface for perennial crops over a number of years, the drip hose should be lifted periodically so that leaves, soil, and debris do not cover the hose. If the drip hose is not lifted, roots can grow over the hose, anchor it to the ground, and eventually pinch off the flow of water.

Flow of water

Place a water flow meter between the solenoid valve and each zone and record it's gauge daily. This provides a clear indication of how much water is applied to each zone. Records of water flow can be used to detect deviations from the standard flow of the system, which may be caused by leaks or by clogged lines. The actual amount of water applied recorded on the meter can be compared with the estimated crop water use (crop evapotranspiration) to help assure efficient water management..

Watch for Leaks

Leaks can occur unexpectedly as a result of damage by insects, animals, or farming tools. Systematically monitor the lines for physical damage. It is important to fix holes as soon as possible to prevent uneven irrigation.

Chlorine Clears Clogged Emitters

If the rate of water flow progressively declines during the season, the tubes or tape may be slowly plugging, resulting in severe damage to the crop. In addition to maintaining the filtering stations, regular flushing of the drip tube and application of chlorine through the drip tube will help minimize clogs. Once a month, flush the drip lines by opening the far ends of a portion of the tubes at a time and allowing the higher velocity water to rush out the sediment.

Because algae growth and biological activity in the tube or tape are especially high during warmer months, chlorine usually is applied at 2-week intervals during these months.

If drip lines become plugged in spite of maintenance, many cleaning products are available through irrigation systems suppliers. Choose a product appropriate for the specific source of contamination.

Chemigation

Manage irrigation and fertilization together to optimize efficiency. Chemigation through drip systems efficiently delivers chemicals in the root zone of the receiving plants. Because pf the precision of application, chemigation can be safer and use less material. Several commercial fertilizers and pesticides are labeled for delivery by drip irrigation.

Injection pumps with backflow prevention devices are necessary to deliver the product through the drip lines. These pumps allow for suitable delivery rate control, while backflow prevention protects both equipment and the water supply from contamination. remember that in Oregon, water belongs to the public, not the landowner. Other safety equipment may be required; contact a drip-irrigation system supplier for details.

Fertilizer

Soil microorganisms convert nitrogen (N) fertilizers to nitrate. Nitrate is water soluble, available to plants, and subject to leaching loss. Since nitrate loss management was one of the initial reasons for our exploring drip irrigation, it is appropriate that we revisit this topic.

Typically, when irrigation is monitored closely, less nitrogen fertilizer is needed with drip irrigation systems than with furrow irrigation systems because the fertilizer is spoon-fed to the root system and little is lost due to leaching. For example, if a field is converted from furrow irrigation to drip irrigation and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is not reduced, the crop may become excessively leafy which can inhibit curing and increase harvest costs as well as losses. Leaf tissue analysis performed by a qualified agricultural lab can help determine crop nutrition needs during the season, and tailor the N fertilizer applications to actual crop needs.

Fertilizer can be injected through the drip system. Fertilizer usually is introduced into the irrigation system in front of the filter station so the filters can remove any precipitates that occur in the solution.

Fertilizers containing sulfate, phosphate, calcium, or anhydrous or aqua ammonium can lead to solid chemical precipitation inside the drip lines, which can block emitters. Obtain chemical analysis of your irrigation water and seek competent technical advice before injecting chemical fertilizers into drip systems.

Placement of Tape

Plan for seed emergence. The drip tape must be close enough to the surface to germinate the seed if necessary, or a portable sprinkler system should be available. For example, a tape tube 4 to 5 inches deep has successfully germinated onion seeds in silt loam soil. Tape at 12 inches failed to uniformly germinate onions.
Timing and rates

The total irrigation water requirements for crops grown with a drip system is greatly reduced compared to a surface flood system because water can be applied much more efficiently with drip irrigation. For example, with furrow irrigation, typically at least 4 acre-feet/acre/year of water is applied to onion fields in the Treasure Valley of eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho. Depending on the year, summer rainfall, and the soil, 14 to 32 acre-inches/acre of water has been needed to raise onions under drip irrigation in the Treasure Valley.

Applying more water than plants need will negate most of drip irrigation's benefits. The soil will be excessively wet, promoting disease, weed growth, and nitrate leaching.

To determine application rates, use measurements of soil water and estimates of crop water use (crop evapotranspiration, or "ETc"). For shallow rooted crops, irrigate only to replace the soil moisture deficit in the top 12 inches of soil. It usually is not necessary to exceed ETc. Daily crop evapotranspiration estimates are available locally on the AgriMet Web site. For measuring soil water, see "Instrumentation for Soil Moisture Monitoring" and "Irrigation monitoring using soil water tension". For planning irrigation scheduling, see "Irrigation Scheduling."
Standard Maintenance

Add chlorine or other chemicals to the drip line periodically to kill bacteria and algae. Acid might also be needed to dissolve calcium carbonates.

Filters must be managed and changed as needed. Even with filtration, however, drip tape must be flushed regularly. The frequency of flushing depends on the amount and kinds of sedimentation in the tape.
Other management factors

Root intrusion needs to be controlled for some crops. Rodents must be controlled, especially where drip tape is buried.
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Additional Resources

Drip Irrigation for Row Crops. 1994. Chanson, Schwankl, Grattan, and Prichard, University of California, Davis. Order from Cooperative Extension office, Department of LAWR, 113 Veihmeyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, telephone (530) 752-1130.

B.C. Trickle Irrigation Manual. 1999. Van der Gulik, B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Food Resource Management Branch. Order from Irrigation Association of British Columbia, 2300 Woodstock Drive, Abbotsford, B.C., Canada, V3G 2E5, telephone (604) 859-8222.

Fertigation, 1995, Burt, O'Connor, and Ruehr, California Polytechnic State University. Order from The Irrigation Training and Research Center, California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, telephone (805) 756-2434.

Micro irrigation Management and Maintenance. 1998. Hassan, Farouk A.. Fresno, CA, Agro Industrial Management, 1998. The book is available from Farouk A. Hassan, Ph.D.
Irrigation & Soils Consultant, Agro Industrial Management, P. O. Box 5632, Fresno, California 93755, U.S.A. Phone: (209)224-1618, Fax: (209) 348-0721, E-mail: fahassan@aol.com

Chemigation in Tree and Vine Micro Irrigation Systems. 2001. Schwankl, L. and T. Prichard. Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 21599. University of California, Davis, CA.

Resources on the Web:
Gelski, J. 2003. Avoid Filter Frustration. Available online at http://www.growermagazine.com/home/02-03filters.html

Shock, C.C., R.J. Flock, E.P Eldredge, A.P. Pereira, and L.B. Jensen. 2006. Drip irrigation guide for potatoes in the Treasure Valley. Oregon State University Extension Service. EM 8912 8p.

Shock, C.C., R.J. Flock, E.P. Eldredge, A.B. Pereira, L.B. Jensen. 2006. Successful Potato Irrigation Scheduling. Oregon State University Extension Service, Corvallis. EM 8911-E. 8p.

Shock, C.C., R.J. Flock, E.B.G. Feibert, A.B. Pereira, and M. O’Neill. 2005. Drip irrigation guide for growers of hybrid poplar. Oregon State University Extension Service. EM 8902 6p.

Shock, C.C., R.J. Flock, E.B.G. Feibert, C.A. Shock, A.B. Pereira, and L.B. Jensen. 2005. Irrigation monitoring using soil water tension. Oregon State University Extension Service. EM 8900 6p.

Shock, C.C., R.J. Flock, E.B.G. Feibert, C.A. Shock, L.B. Jensen, and J. Klauzer. 2005. Drip irrigation guide for onion growers in the Treasure Valley. Oregon State University Extension Service. EM 8901 8p.

Drip Irrigation of Row Crops: What is the State of the Art? 2000. Hanson, Fipps, and Martin. Proceedings of the 4th Decennial Irrigation Symposium. ASAE.

2010-05-22T10:09:00.000-07:00

Kisses have a right to take an honorable position on the list of functions of the human brain. Every human being living on planet Earth enables this function throughout their lives: women kiss men, men kiss women, Fidel Castro kisses Kim Jong-Il, etc. It is generally believed that one does not have to be smart to learn how to kiss. However, the issue is worth being analyzed from the scientific point of view.

A lot of scientists dedicated their numerous works to the matter of people's desire to kiss each other. Below you can find ten facts about the art of kissing. 1.About 30 muscles work very actively during the renowned French kiss: twelve of them control the movements of lips and eleven muscles are responsible for the tongue. The "French experience" accelerates the pulse from 70 to 150 beats per minute. 2. Young people start kissing two or three years before they launch their sex lives. Fifty percent of males experience the excitement of the first kiss at 13 or 14 years of age. 3. The longest kiss ever lasted for 17 days, 10 hours and 30 minutes. The record can be found in the Guinness Book of World Records, although the kissing couple had to be hospitalized with severe exhaustion. When they recovered, they never met each other again. 4. Kissing on the lips is the most popular way of kissing among men – over 67 percent of men expressed their approval. Fifty-six percent of men said they had nothing against kissing on the cheeks and 26 percent highly appreciated intimate kisses of the genitals (don't tell anyone). Toe kissing enjoys the smallest popularity – only one percent of male respondents approved it. 5. Fifteen percent of women said they would be ready to break apart with their boyfriend just because of his bad kissing capabilities. Women hate it, when the man's tongue is weak at kissing. 6. There are 278 types of germs living in the mouth of a human being. Those germs are harmless: when two people kiss, thousands of germs flow from one mouth to another. In such cases they produce enzymes and natural antibiotics for self-defense. As a result, the bodies of the two kissing individuals develop resistibility against all other pathogenic bacteria. 7. Lipstick commercials deliberately falsify the truth. Sixty-three percent of male respondents said that they prefer to kiss women's lips without lipstick on. They said that it was more natural and did not leave any traces all over the face. Forty-nine percent of men said that they liked to kiss slightly moisturized and soft lips. Only 35 percent said that they adored full, erotic lips aka Pamela Anderson. Monica Belucci, Julia Roberts and Sharon Stone are most popular celebrities, whose lips are considered very attractive for kisses. 8. Fifty-five percent of respondents said that the kiss of Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable was the most outstanding in "Gone with the Wind." Sharon Stone and Michael Douglas rank second with their "Basic Instinct" kiss. Hugh Grant and Andie MacDowell finish the top three of best cinema kisses with their romantic kiss in heavy rainfall in "Four Weddings and a Funeral". 9. Scientists say that humans started kissing each other in the Age of Reptiles. However, the fact was acknowledged only in the XVI century. Earlier documentation and literature do not contain any description of kisses between man and woman. On the other hand, the characters of antiquity and ancient East greeted each other with kisses, even if they were kisses between two men - it was considered absolutely normal. 10. Forty-four percent of male and 48 percent of female respondents said they could not stand bites in the exquisite process of kissing. Women (39 percent) do not like to kiss slobbery men, although only 23 percent of men said that they were against the wet kissing. The most important kind of kiss, as 54 percent of men said, is to kiss a woman that you do not like. Pravda

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Encyclopedia.com > Business and Economics journals > Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics > July 2007

Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics
Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics - Articles

1,825 total articles

Publication focusing on study of social and economic problems of agriculture and rural areas. Also provides information on techniques and research of Agricultural Economics.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics back issues from July 2007:

Results pages:1|2|3

PREFACE

Jul 01, 2007; Mujumdar, N A ... The Sixty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics is scheduled to be held from 5th to 7th November, 2007 under the auspices of Bankers Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow. The following subjects are selected for discussion at this Conference: 1 ....

Performance of Rural Credit and Factors Affecting the Choice of Credit Sources

Jul 01, 2007; Kumar, Anjani; Singh, Dhiraj K; Kumar, Prabhat ... I INTRODUCTION Credit is not only one of the critical inputs in agriculture but is also an effective means of rural development. A large number of agencies, including co-operatives, regional rural banks (RRBs), commercial banks, non-banking financial institutions, self-help ...

Production and Investment Credit of Scheduled Commercial Banks in India: Need for a Systematic Approach

Jul 01, 2007; Awasthi, Arvind ... INTRODUCTION The importance of credit for raising agricultural production and productivity can be understood by the functional relationship between output and basic factors of production which is often written as: Y = f (L, K), where, Y is output, L is labour and K is capital. The term ...

Innovating Savings Products for Rural People - Lessons from Market Research

Jul 01, 2007; Kapoor, Sanjeev ... The debate whether the poor can save or not has become obsolete. In the new micro-financial service area, the large scale success of self-help group (SHG) or Joint Liability Group (JLG) methodology has proved the ability of the poor to save. Accordingly, there are significant opportunities to ...

Adequacy of Institutional Credit through Co-operatives in Maharashtra: A Region-wise Analysis

Jul 01, 2007; Shah, Deepak ... INTRODUCTION In the era of financial sector reforms, sustainability, viability and operational efficiency of rural financial institutions (RFIs) are the major issues that need to be taken cognizance of in ensuring effective rural credit delivery system. However, the major problems ...

Financing Agriculture: A Study of Bihar and West Bengal Potato Cultivation

Jul 01, 2007; Pandit, Arun; Pandey, N K; Lal, Barsati; Chandran, K P; Rana, Rajesh K ... INTRODUCTION Institutional finance plays an important role in the adoption of modern technology and in increasing private capital investment in agriculture. Moreover, the elasticity of input use to agriculture credit was close to unity indicating the significant contribution of ...

Total Financial Inclusion - Various Approaches

Jul 01, 2007; Chaudhri, P C ... Access to banking services only may not be adequate to ensure participation in economic activities on a sustainable basis yet it is one of the fundamental inputs to build an individual's capacity. A large proportion of the Indian population are deprived of even the basic necessities such as ...

Impact of SHG-Bank Linkage Programme on Financial Behaviour of Rural Poor - Evidence from Raebareli District in Uttar Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Tripathi, C K; Sharma, K C ... The paper is aims at addressing the issue of sustainable development of the rural poor through SHG-Bank linkage using participatory approach in Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh. Specifically it attempts to evaluate the impact of micro-credit through SHG-Bank linkage on the financial behaviour ...

Agricultural Finance through PACS in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra

Jul 01, 2007; Nirgude, R R; Wayker, K R; Parajane, N A ... An attempt is made in the paper to assess the crop loan disbursement made by the primary agricultural co-operative credit societies in order to study the factors affecting repayment and non-repayment of loans borrowed by the farmers from Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies (PACS) ...

Rural Finance and Inequality in Credit Flow through DCCBs in Maharashtra

Jul 01, 2007; Jadhav, K L; Yadav, D B; Shendage, P N ... The study examines the financial management, magnitude and direction of inequality in the flow of short-term credit amongst the different regions of the state and factors influencing the inequality in short term credit disbursement of District Central Co-operative Banks (DCCBs) in Maharashtra ....

Dynamics of Agricultural Credit in India: Contributions of Co-operatives and Public Sector Banks

Jul 01, 2007; Singh, R P; Saha, K P ... The study attempts to analyse the performance and contribution made by the institutional credit agencies towards the development of Indian agriculture. The adoption of input-intensive mechanically operated agricultural operations during the Green Revolution has made India self-sufficient in ...

Agricultural Credit in Uttarakhand: Status and Prospects

Jul 01, 2007; Shukla, A N; Rawat, Ruchi; Dubey, P P ... The paper examines the quantitative and qualitative performance of commercial banks' agricultural credit in Uttarakhand using data from 2001 to 2005. In March 2001, the share of agricultural advances in total bank advances across the thirteen districts ranged between 6.11 per cent (Dehradun) to ...

An Economic Analysis on the Profitability of Some Rural Financial Institutions (RFIs) of Nadia District of West Bengal

Jul 01, 2007; Sarkar, C; Bera, B K; Nandi, A K; Santra, B ... The present study is restricted to the analysis of performance of the Rural Financial Institutions (RFIs) namely, the State Co-operative Bank of West Bengal [SCB (WB)] at the apex level, Central Co-operative Bank of one district viz., DCCB of Nadia) at the middle level and five Primary ...

Financing Agriculture by Commercial Banks and Its Impact on Income and Employment of the Farmers in Gorakhpur District (Uttar Pradesh)

Jul 01, 2007; Misra, J P; Maurya, S K ... The study attempts (i) to work out the credit needs and its availability to the sample farmers from commercial banks in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, (ii) to study the impact of commercial banks finance on income and employment of the farmers and (iii) to examine the cost of borrowing, ...

Trends in Agricultural Finance with Special Reference to Gujarat

Jul 01, 2007; Patel, Kanti ... The main objective of this paper is to show the trends in agricultural finance to farmers in Gujarat State after setting up of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. As per Invest India Economic Times 2004, money lenders' share in total credit is 70 per cent due to its simple ...

Trends in Priority Sector Lending by Public Sector Banks in India - 1981 to 2006

Jul 01, 2007; Das, H C L ... An attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the performance of public sector banks with regard to expansion of banking services to the unbanked areas in regional perspective and to evaluate the performance with regard to advances to the priority sector during the pre-and post-1991 ...

SHGs: A Viable Strategy for Rural Upliftment and Women Empowerment in Gujarat

Jul 01, 2007; Kumar, Kalpesh; Shiyani, R L ... The study attempts to examine the progress and performance of self-help groups (SHGs) in Junagadh district of Gujarat. Eight SHGs (four women and four male groups) having at least "good" factor as per check list given by NABARD (2005), which are functioning for the past five years and which are ...

Evaluation of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in the State of Andhra Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Vedini, K H; Durga, P Kanaka ... In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The evaluation is carried out mainly on three important aspects - quantum of credit borrowed from institutional and non-institutional sources, cost of borrowing ...

Impact of Microfinance Programme on Rural Welfare

Jul 01, 2007; Anjugam, M; Ramasamy, C ... An attempt is made in the paper to analyse the impact of microfinance programme implemented by government agencies and NGOs on rural households in terms of household employment, income, consumption and asset creation among the members of self-help groups (SHGs). Coimbatore and Ramanathapuram ...

Working of Regional Rural Banks in India

Jul 01, 2007; Shivappa, H ... Based on secondary data the study attempts to examine the growth in advances, deposits and financial performance of the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs). The data has been collected from Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India. Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai and Government of India, Economic ...

Institutional Agricultural Credit in Punjab: Growth and Inadequacies

Jul 01, 2007; Singh, Sukhpal; Kaur, Manjeet; Kingra, H S ... The study examines the growth in institutional agricultural credit in -Punjab for the period 1990-91 to 2004-05 from secondary sources and the inadequacies of institutional credit in terms of transaction cost of obtaining credit and problems faced by farmers in availing credit from institutional ...

Who Uses Agricultural Credit in India?: A District Level Analysis

Jul 01, 2007; Narayanamoorthy, A ... In this paper, an attempt is made to study the use as well as the determinants of credit in agriculture utilising data from 256 districts covering three time points: 1970-71, 1980-81 and 1990-91. The study shows that over three-fifth of the districts considered for the analysis use low level ...

Institutional Credit Flow and Regional Variation in Outstanding Loan in Farm Business in India

Jul 01, 2007; Atteri, B R; Kumar, Shiv; Kar, Amit ... Lack of knowledge of modern farming'to sustain agriculture, low level of critical inputs use and many socio-economic constraints are the prime reasons for low agricultural productivity in the country. The average size of holding is less than 1.5 hectare which is too low to support commercial ...

Rural Credit - A Case Study of Self-Help Groups in Amritsar District

Jul 01, 2007; Dhindsa, Paramjeet Kaur; Bhatia, Seozy ... The study examines the progress of self-help groups (SHGs) in Amritsar district of Punjab. Data were collected from 16 blocks of Amritsar district for the period 2001 to 2007. The study has suggested that there is dire need of NGO's (nongovernment organisations) to come forward and help in ...

Flow of Credit to Small and Marginal Farmers in Mandsaur District of Madhya Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Gupta, S K; Mishra, A M; Sharma, H O; Mishra, P K ... An attempt had been made in this paper to examine the trend and flow of credit to agricultural sector by financial institutions in Madhya Pradesh and Mandsaur district. The credit gap, outstanding and overdues of agricultural loans and experience of borrowers were analysed. The study is based on ...

Structural Changes in the Development of Co-operative Credit in Maharashtra

Jul 01, 2007; Birari, K S; Borse, M K; Chaugule, R R; Patil, M R ... An attempt is made in this paper to examine the changes in the development of co-operative credit in Maharashtra. The study is based on the secondary data like number of societies and members, their working capital, advances and outstanding loans collected from published sources for the decadal ...

Contribution of Financial Institutions in Agricultural Credit: A Trend Analysis

Jul 01, 2007; Singh, A K; Joshi, Seema ... The objective of this paper is to examine the share of commercial banks and cooperative banks in total credit advanced in the rural areas over the period. secondary data has been used to study the flow of institutional credit to agriculture in India during 19SO-51 to 2004-05. Data have been also ...

Financial Viability and Profitability Trends of Regional Rural Banks in India and West Bengal - A Comparative Study

Jul 01, 2007; Bagchi, Kanak Kanti; Hadi, Abdul ... Viability of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) needs to be assessed in terms of increasing socio-economic gains for their clientele. From the age structure of RRBs in the state of West Bengal and their branches it does not seem realistic to assess their progress towards viability on the basis of ...

Impact Assessment of Self-Help Groups in Punjab

Jul 01, 2007; Kumar, Sanjay; Singh, Gagandeep; Singh, Jasdev ... A study was conducted in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab to study the impact of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) on members. A sample of 30 SHGs were selected and out of these two members were selected from each group thus making the total sample size of 60. To evaluate the impact of SHGs on various ...

An Analysis of the Trends in the Institutional Agricultural Credit in Orissa

Jul 01, 2007; Panda, Raj Kishore ... The study attempts to measure the trends in the flow of institutional credit to agricultural in Orissa in the post-liberalisation period, find out the divergence in the institutional credit deployment at the State and all-India levels, and examine interregional disparity in the distribution of ...

Performance and Economic Viability of Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies in Raipur District of Chhattisgarh State

Jul 01, 2007; Koshta, A K; Chandrakar, M R; Sadaphal, D ... The study seeks to examine the (i) trend of banking performance indicators of Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies (PACSs), (ii) pattern of banking business of PACSs, (iii) economic viability of PACSs and (iv) to suggest the policy interventions for betterment of PACSs. The study is ...

An Economic Appraisal of Growth and Performance of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies in Haryana

Jul 01, 2007; Malik, D P; Singh, S P; Dhanda, Sunil ... The objectives of the paper are to analyse the trend and growth in size and operation of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACSs) and to study the important indicators, viz., C-D ratio, cost of management unit, transaction cost and delinquency rate of PACSs. The information pertaining to ...

Structure and Performance of Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies in Punjab

Jul 01, 2007; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Kuldip ... The paper throws light on the structure and performance of Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies (PACS) over the period 1993-94 to 2004-05. The step-wise regression analysis has been used to find the determinants affecting average profitability of PACS along with tabular analysis, ratios ...

Rural Credit in India - Status, Issues and Future Agenda

Jul 01, 2007; Srivastava, Swami Prakash ... The paper tries to explore the issues of growth of institutional agricultural credit in India, its distribution in different regions and accessibility of credit to rural poor especially small and marginal farmers and economic viability of the operations of agricultural credit disbursement in ...

Emerging Trends of Financial Resources of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies in Uttar Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Shukla, Archana ... An attempt has been made in the paper to examine the financial resource of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) in Uttar Pradesh. In this respect, the internal and external sources of working capital of PACS have been analysed. The study has concluded that the problem of mobilisation of ...

Growth of Agricultural Credit in India: Trends and Problems

Jul 01, 2007; Prakash, Brahm; Srivastava, Rajeev Kumar; Sharma, D K; Khare, A P ... Agricultural credit is one of the essential requirements for the growth of agricultural production and productivity. Considering the importance of agricultural credit, an attempt has been made in this paper to study the sources of agricultural credit in India, to review their progress and to ...

Indebtedness Among Agricultural Labour Households in West Bengal

Jul 01, 2007; Pramanik, Rathindra Nath ... A study was conducted at the state and village level, to discuss the incidence and the extent of indebtedness among agricultural labour households, sources of debt, purpose of debt and terms and conditions of debt taken by agricultural labour households in West Bengal state as a whole, as well ...

Regional Rural Credit - An Analysis of NSS Data

Jul 01, 2007; Chatterjee, S; Giri, A K ... The paper tries to highlight in-depth some aspects of rural credit and indebtedness for different regions in India and for different social groups based on the NSS data of various rounds. Apart from the country situation for all rural households as a whole, the study focuses on the position of ...

Gender Divide in Institutional Credit: A Case of Priority Sector Term Loans

Jul 01, 2007; Nair, G Gopakumaran; Mehrotra, Nirupam ... The paper attempts to capture the gender divide in availing institutional credit and highlight some of the policy interventions that can set right the divide. The study based on field level results from Tamil Nadu indicates that the women borrowers constituted one-fourth in priority sector term ...

Cost Efficiency of Institutional Credit Delivery to Rural Women through Micro Finance Approaches

Jul 01, 2007; Puhazhendhi, V ... The objective of the study is to assess the efficiency of different approaches which have emerged in the recent years through comparing the transaction costs of lending both at the banks' level as well as from the borrower perspective. The study was conducted in three states representing ...

Agriculture Credit through Three-Tier Co-operative Structure - A Case Study of Bikapur Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Society (PACS)

Jul 01, 2007; Singh, S K ... An attempt is made to study the structure and functioning of Bikapur Primary Agricultural Co-operative Society (PACS) based on a case study of 182 PACS operating in Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh. A detailed investigation was made to work out the size of membership for the year 1995-96 to ...

Repayment Performance of Self-Help Groups - A Case Study of Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Kumar, Ashok; Prasanna, Lakshmi ... In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the determinants of repayment of self-help groups (SHGs) in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh in order to assess of SHG programme. The study is based on primary data and in all 30 SHGs were randomly selected from four blocks of the study ...

Impact of Self-Help Groups and Flow of Credit to Rural Sector in Uttar Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Shukla, O P ... The economy of Uttar Pradesh is predominantly agrarian and the performance of agriculture and allied activities such as horticulture, animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries are critical in determining the growth rate of the State. Primary sector contributed 34 per cent to the State's income in ...

Source-wise Regional Distribution of Agricultural Credit in India

Jul 01, 2007; Karwasra, J C; Khatkar, R K; Singh, V K ... The study examines the growth and magnitude of rural financial institutions and agricultural loans in the country. Agricultural credit has played a vital role in supporting agricultural production in India. The green revolution characterised by a greater use of inputs like fertilisers, seeds and ...

Access to Kisan Credit Cards in Uttar Pradesh by Different Social Groups in Different Regions

Jul 01, 2007; Dubey, Yogesh Kr ... The Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) scheme which came into existence in 1998-99 mainly envisaged coverage of all the short-term credit needs of the farmers including crop loan and other items of production credit/working capital/short-term requirements for non-farm activities including household ...

Enabling Farmers to Access Commodity Derivative Market - Role of Aggregators: A Conceptual Exposition

Jul 01, 2007; Kumar, Sunil ... Commodity futures markets play an important role in price discovery and provide a mechanism for hedging price risk by farmers. In India, these markets have developed at a very fast pace after they were liberalised in 2003. However, commodity futures markets have been in the news for wrong ...

Growth and Performance of Co-operative Credit to Agriculture in India

Jul 01, 2007; Goyal, S K; Suhag, K S; Singh, Ram ... An attempt has been made to study the growth, performance and regional variations in various aspects relating to Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies (PACS) in India. The data was collected on institutional flow of credit to agriculture for the period 1980-81 to 2005-06 and on ...

Disparity in Credit Disbursement - A Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Credit Scenario of Orissa vis-à-vis All-India Level

Jul 01, 2007; Atibudhi, H N ... The mian objectives of the paper are (i) to study the institutional credit flow to agriculture in Orissa and (ii) to compare the state credit scenario in the context of all-India situation. The study is based on secondary data collected from state level bankers' committee Orissa proceedings, ...

Role of Location-Specific Branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks in Financing Punjab Agriculture: Issue of Outreach and Lending Volumes

Jul 01, 2007; Rayudu, Trinath; Kataria, P; Chahal, S S ... The study attempts to examine the status of financing agriculture in Punjab, with particular reference to scheduled commercial banks (SCBs). The specific objective of the study is to study the financial performance, outreach and lending volumes of SCBs vis-à-vis location specificity of banks ....

Structural Changes in Borrowing Behaviour: A Case Study of Kot Village in Himachal Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Saraswat, S P; Singh, Ranveer ... The paper analyses the structural changes that have occurred in the borrowing behaviour at three points of time, i.e., 1959-60, 1989-90 and 2004-05 in Kot village of Himachal Pradesh. Over the 45 years, the average holding size has reduced drastically from 2.9 hectares in 1959-60 to 0.65 hectare ...

Disbursement Trend, Recovery Performance and Overdues Positions of Agricultural Loans in Sriganganagar District, Rajasthan

Jul 01, 2007; Singh, N K ... The study examines the growth and distributional aspects of institutional agricultural credit over time and repayment performance and the extent of agricultural loans advanced by the banks to different categories of farmers and overdues. The study is based on the secondary data collected from ...

Socio-Economic Upliftment through Micro Financing in Watershed Programme in Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu: A Case Study

Jul 01, 2007; Chand, Subhash; Sikka, A K; Srivastava, R C; Rajkumar, S ... An attempt has been made in this paper to understand the importance of micro financing mechanism among the Self-Help Group (SHGs) members formed in the Kattery watershed. This watershed was jointly implemented under the Indo-German Bilateral Programme "Watershed Management", in Nilgiris district ...

Analysis of Non-Performing Assets in Priority Sector: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Banks

Jul 01, 2007; Nanda, Paramjit; Mahajan, Priyanka ... The paper attempts to (i) to compare the extent, size and trends in advances and non-performing assets (NPAs) of priority sector, agriculture and weaker sections of scheduled commercial banks as a whole (public, private and foreign banks) during the period 1997-2005, (ii) to undertake inter-bank ...

Institutional Credit and Farm Sector: Evidence from Rural India

Jul 01, 2007; Shrivastava, K K; Saxena, Padma ... Based on secondary data the paper examines the trends in flow of institutional agricultural credit in India. The study pertained to the period 2001-02 to 2005-06. The paper analyses some issues like the share of various institutions in gross agricultural credit; share of kisan credit cards ...

Livestock Sector Trade of India: Surging Momentum in the New Liberalised Regime

Jul 01, 2007; Kumar, Anjani; Staal, Steven J; Singh, N P; Singh, Dhiraj K ... I INTRODUCTION The Indian livestock sector is on a high growth trajectory and currently contributes 27 per cent to the agricultural gross domestic product (AgGDP). It is of special importance as it has strong backward and forward linkages, which promote many industries like ...

India's Trade Performance in Livestock and Livestock Products

Jul 01, 2007; Bardhan, D ... INTRODUCTION The livestock sector plays a dynamic role in the development process of India. It provides food, income and employment and for low income producers, the sector also serves as a store of wealth, provides draught power and organic fertiliser for crop production and as a means ...

Implications of Trade Liberalisation on Indian Dairy Sector: An Empirical Analysis

Jul 01, 2007; Rajarajan, T R; Saravanakumar, V; Singh, Raj Vir ... INTRODUCTION Dairy industry witnessed radical changes in the last decade of the 20th century as a consequence of the economic reforms initiated by the Government of India in 1991. Beginning with the delicensing and deregulation, the dairy industry entered a new phase with India's signing ...

Marketing of Liquid Milk: A Case Study of Ahmedabad Milk Market

Jul 01, 2007; Singh, Sukhpal ... I INTRODUCTION Indian dairy industry can be divided into two types of enterprises: Liquid Milk and Milk Products. In the procurement and marketing of liquid milk, there is strong presence of co-operative and traditional private channels though the organised sector private ...

Economics of Production, Marketing and Constraints of Buffalo Milk in Indore District of Madhya Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Verma, A R ... An attempt has been made in the paper to analyse the economics of production, marketing and constraints of buffalo milk in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. It examines the cost and returns per year, the net return, cost of milk production per litre, benefit-cost ratio, evaluate the resource ...

Marketing of Milk in Amravati District of Maharashtra

Jul 01, 2007; Deokate, T B; Shendage, P N; Jadhav, K L ... An attempt has been made in the present study to identify the channels involved in marketing, to estimate the marketing cost, market margins, price spread and producer's share in consumer's rupee in different marketing channels of milk in Amravati district of Maharashtra. The primary data for ...

Economics of Value-Added Dairy Products Manufacturing by Co-operative Dairy Plant in Tamil Nadu

Jul 01, 2007; Rangasamy, N; Dhaka, J P ... A study was conducted to estimate the manufacturing cost and profitability of dairy products in one of the dairy plants from co-operative sector selected purposively in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The major dairy products like toned milk, standardised milk, full cream milk, flavoured ...

Live Animals Marketing Pattern in Western Uttar Pradesh

Jul 01, 2007; Shukla, A N; Hussain, Nasir ... The paper aims to study the structure of cattle fairs, marketing agencies, arrivals and disposal of animals. For the purpose six important cattle fairs, three each, were selected from the study area of the western region from two districts, i.e., Moradabad and Aligarh, to study the arrivals and ...

Marketing of Wool in Dhule District of Western Maharashtra

Jul 01, 2007; Waghmare, M N; Tilekar, S N; Rajput, S R ... An attempt is made in the paper to study marketing of wool. The study is exclusively based on primary data collected from a sample of 90 sheep rearers from Dhule district of Maharashtra, which is a well known rainfed district. The data were collected by survey method for the year 2003-04. Using ...

Opportunities of Meat Trade in India with Special Reference to Pork in the North-East

Jul 01, 2007; Mandal, Subhasis; Datta, K K; Verma, Med Ram; Tripathi, A K ... The paper tries to highlight the issues relating to trade of pig meat with special reference to the north eastern states of India. The results revealed that even though the pork production system in India is categorised under unorganised sector and not having competitive advantage, however, ...

Strategies to Enhance Poultry Production in India

Jul 01, 2007; Srivastava, S C; Singh, H P; Sen, Chandra ... Poultry occupies a crucial place in India, as the eggs and chicken meat provide important and rich sourcs of protein, vitamins and minerals. It provides

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The HANOR Company
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World-class pork producer manages ingredient costs and formulas across mills with Brill Formulation Multi-Blend™

The HANOR Family of Companies is an integrated company with pork operations in six states. In the last 5 years, their business has expanded from 4 feed mills, to its current level of 3 HANOR owned mills and 13 toll mills for feed production. They wanted more control and confidence across all the mills they were using and needed to ensure they were making profitable decisions in the fluctuating feed market. They are leveraging the Feed Mill Manager and Brill Formulation solutions, and Brill Formulation Multi-Blend™. Read the case study to learn more about how these solutions allow HANOR to save more than ten cents per ton to streamline their operations, make smart decisions on ingredient purchasing, optimize feed formulas, and gain predictability across their business.
Hytek Ltd.
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Manitoba pork producer implements the Brill Formulation™ solution to support multiple feed mills and respond quickly to ingredient price changes.

Hytek's existing ration system was not meeting their growth, so they needed to find a way to manage a large number of rations simultaneously. In addition, Hytek's expansion included the need to formulate rations and allocate ingredients across multiple mills and extend pricing capability to other locations. They needed to integrate data across their business to reduce errors and get visibility to information across the business to make decisions. Hytek, Ltd. implemented the Brill Formulation™ and Brill Formulation Multi-blend™ solutions and saved $55,000 in costs; it paid for itself in 90 days. For seamless integration across their business, they use Feed Mill Manager™ and Microsoft Dynamics GP™ for their accounting.
Mercer Milling
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New York state premix feed mill uses the Feed Mill Manager™ solution to keep up with continuous annual growth without increasing staff, better inventory control, and compliance reporting.

Mercer Milling moved to their new location in Liverpool, NY and have been experiencing continuous growth each year since. With that growth, they needed to increase their efficiency with the existing staff. Their batching, formulation systems and current accounting did not provide strong enough data integration, they needed to minimize errors between those systems. Mercer Milling also needed to automate their pricing, get a handle on inventory management and ensure lot traceability. Mercer Milling implemented Feed Mill Manager to integrate their data and processes, manage inventory and traceability, along with the Advanced Costing and Advanced Pricing modules for complete control. They also implemented Microsoft Dynamics GP for their accounting, providing better management tools and ease of use for their staff.
JR Distributing, Inc.
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South Dakota livestock feed manufacturer sees better inventory control, fewer errors, and seamless integration with Feed Management Systems.

JR Distributing, Inc., also known as JR Feeds, is a locally owned regional livestock feed manufacturer located in Lake Norden, SD. JR Distributing, Inc. specializes in high quality, top-of-the-line nutrition products and rations. JR Distributing, Inc. sells complete feeds, concentrates, base mixes, micro base mixes, and premix. They also handle a complete line of feed ingredients. To meet the challenges in the livestock industry today, producers look to use a wide range of ingredients for their livestock operation. JR Distributing was dealing with unique inventory issues in feed manufacturing and sales; and as they grew, it became obvious they needed a better system that could also integrate with their accounting program. JR Distributing, Inc. implemented the entire suite of FMS solutions for seamless integration between feed formulation, accounting and the mill. Today, JR Distributing, Inc. uses Feed Mill Manager™, Microsoft Dynamics GP™; Brill Formulation™; Feed Ration Balancer™; and Feed Tags™; Microsoft Office and SQL 2000. The seamless integration between their feed rationing, accounting and feed mill provides JR Distributing with the following benefits: greater inventory control; accurate time-sensitive pricing; improved contract management for higher customer satisfaction; integration across the business increased efficiency; ensuring quality and safe feed.
NEW Feeds, LLC.
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Custom feed provider turns to Feed Management Systems to provide better integration, better tracking, and better service.

NEW Feeds, a subsidiary of NEW Cooperative, Inc. in Fort Dodge, Iowa operates three feed mills in central Iowa. They ran computerized ISO 9001-2000 certified mills that provide round the clock production of customized bulk rations, grind and mix and bagged feeds for swine, beef, poultry, and horses, producing 375,000 tons annually. With the old system no longer working for NEW Feeds, they searched for an integrated system to reduce errors, save time and provide traceability. NEW Feeds implemented Feed Mill Manager™ and Microsoft Dynamics™ GP to run multiple feed mill locations. Some of the benefits this winning solution now provides NEW Feeds with include: integration - mills and financial; fewer errors; faster orders; centralized invoicing; inventory traceability; better customer service and accurate recordkeeping to meet compliance regulations.
Land O Lakes' Feed
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Land O'Lakes links customers with suppliers, completing project in only seven months.

Known for its dairy products, Land O'Lakes, a food and agricultural cooperative listed in the Fortune 500, also sells feed to the pork industry. To increase its business with large pork producers, Land O'Lakes sought to create an integrated feed management system for these customers, linking them to suppliers affiliated with Land O'Lakes. With the help of Feed Management Systems, Land O'Lakes set up a solution based on Microsoft Business Solutions-Great Plains software in only seven months. Now, Land O'Lakes customers can get a consistent nutritional feed mix-which is critical to food safety-and track exactly what each pig eats throughout its life. The solution simplifies ordering and billing for producers, thereby lowering their costs, while helping Land O'Lakes increase its business.
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Fingerling production in irrigated paddy

by Francisco Noble

Supply of fish fingerlings is scarce and usually expensive in northern Bangladesh. It is also tedious for fish farmers to procure fish seeds. An alternative is the production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings in different types of boro or irrigated paddy. Although production figures are below the commercial rates, small farmers can grow their own fingerlings at minimal cost.

The four types of irrigated paddies for fingerling production (as practiced by farmers in northern Bangladesh) have the following features:

Soil

clay loam

Water supply

irrigated

Water depth

maintained at 7.5-10 cm

Area range

12.5-1 320 m²

Fish species

common carp

Rice variety

Bangladesh rice (BR)-3,
BR-8, BR-9, BR-14,
Tayap and China Pajam

Calendar of activities in fish production

Advantages

1. Fish hatchlings of fry can be reared in different types of boro paddy plot designs without altering the farmer's normal practices in rice production.

2. Farmers' existing resources can be used.

3. Only minimum additional expenses are required.

4. When the fish get bigger than 2.5 cm, they control weeds, pests and insects in the paddy

5. Fish faeces serve as fertilizer for rice.

6. Additional income can be pro-vided.

7. Farmers can sell fingerlings when prices are highest.
What to consider before adapting the technology

1. Paddy soil should have good water-holding capacity.

2. Common carp is recommended for stocking for these reasons:

- it spawns earlier;
- fry are available at the same time
- as boro rice transplantation; and
- it is a hardy fish.

Tilapia can also be stocked.

3. Fish have higher survival rates in smaller paddies.

4. If possible, use fry (instead of hatchlings) for stocking because they have higher survival rates.

5. Use of supplementary feed, like rice bran or wheat bran, can help increase fingerling production at very minimum cost.

6. To reduce risks of paddy field drying out, use treadle pumps to pump water.

Production details between stock of fry and hatchlings (based on a 1 320 m² paddy)

Partial (in Taka) budget for common carp fingerling production in boro paddy (based on a 1 320 m² paddy)*

* Records from ODA/CARE/BRAC Rice/Fish Pilot Project, Rangpur (1991)

Comparative budget and income (in Taka) from three systems: rice, rice and common carp hatchlings, and rice and common carp fry*

Rice

Rice and hatchlings

Rice and fry

Rice production

Cost

Inputs

684

601

601

Labour

492

509

509

Irrigation charges (Tk500/bigha)

500

500

500

Interest on operating costs (16% per annum or 1.33%/day)

89

85

85

Income

3 855

3 943

3 943

Return for rice

2 090

2 248

2 248

Fingerling production

Cost

Fingerlings (Tk0.50/pc)

NA

462

1 056

Family labour

Interest on operating costs (16% per annum or 1.33%/day)

12

20

Income

NA

1 337

2 640

Return for fish

NA

863

1 564

Return for plot

2 090

3 111

3 812

Total

9 800

13 671

16 978

* Records from CARE/ODA/BRAC Rice/Fish Pilot Project, Rangpur (1991)
Notes:
1. US$1 = Tk38
2. 1 320 m² = 1 bigha, a standard area measurement used in Bangladesh
3. NA = not applicable

Issues for further consideration

This approach has expanded dramatically in northwest Bangladesh since the case study was written. CARE-Bangladesh have promoted both spawning and nursing of common carp using a farmer field school approach with good success. They promote stocking of fertilized eggs produced by the farmers themselves in the ricefield. Farmers in Rangpur district have sustained their use of the technique to meet their own fingerling needs, although there seems to have been little expansion into any commercialization.

In 1999, the production of tilapia seed in dry season boro ricefields was tested using a similar approach to that tested in Thai Binh province, northern Vietnam. There are numerous advantages to this approach for tilapia production, not least of which is a match between timing of fish seed supply with demand early in the monsoon season. In Bangladesh, this method has been beneficial in important fish culture areas in which tilapia production has been constrained by lack of seed.

The described method of breeding common carp has been traditionally practiced in northern Laos and Viet Nam.

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2010-05-22T09:13:00.003-07:00

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Ghosh, S.K. & Pathak, S.C. 1988. Economics of paddy-cum-fish culture in the north eastern states of India. In M. Mohan Joseph, ed. The First Indian Fisheries Forum, p. 445-449. Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Asian Fisheries Society, Indian Branch.

Ghosh, S.K., Mandal, B.K. & Borthaicur, D.N. 1984. Effects of feeding rates on production of common carp and water quality in paddy-cum-fish culture. Aquaculture, 40(2): 97-101.

Halwart, M. 1991. Concurrent rice-fish trials, comparing regular and border planting patterns. Aquabyte, 4(1): 2-3.

Han, Y.G. & Ding J.Y. 1986. Comparative study on the effects of fresh and fermented pig manure on fish yield. 6 p. Bangkok, NACA.

Hopkins, K.D. 1982. Outstanding yields and profits from livestock-tilapia integrated farming. ICLARM Newsl., 5(3): 13.

Hopkins, K. & Cruz, E.M. 1980. High yield but still questions, three years of animal-fish farming. ICLARM Newsl., 3(4): 12-13.

Hopkins, K.D., Inocencio, P. & Cruz, E.M. 1983. Water quality in integrated livestock-fish ponds. J. World Maricult. Soc., 14: 495- 504.

Hu, B. & Zhou, E. 1990. Review on development of integrated fish farming in China. Wuxi, China, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center.

Hu, B.T. & Yang, H.Z. 1984. Integrated management of fish-cum-duck farming and its economic efficiency and revenue. NACA/WP/84/14, 4 p. Bangkok, NACA.

The ICLARM-CLSU integrated animal-fish farming project, poultry-fish and pig-fish trials. 1981. ICLARM Tech. Rep. (2): 29 p.

Jhingran, A.G. 1986. Integrated fish-livestock-crop farming and its role in developing rural economy. Bull. Cent. Inland Fish. Res. Inst., Barrackpore, (48): 1.1-4.

Jhingran, V.G. & Sharma, B.K. 1986. Integrated livestock fish farming in India. In Research plans for integrated aquaculture, p. 46-53. Dhaka, Bangladesh, FAO/UNDP.

Joel, D.R., Sanjeeviraj, G., Venkataswamy, M. & Natarajan, P. 1985. Prospects for coconut-cum-fish and prawn culture. Seafood Export J., 17(5): 21-25.

Kapur, K. & Lal, K.K. 1986. Relative toxicity of certain livestock wastes for fish culture. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon & L.V. Hosillos, eds. The First Asian Fisheries Forum. p. 133-136. Manila, Philippines, Asian Fisheries Society.

Kausar, R. 1983. Review on recycling of animal wastes as a source of nutrients for freshwater fish culture within an integrated livestock system. 49 p. Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council.

Kuo, S.P. & Ting, Y.Y. 1989. Studies on the water quality of tiger prawn, eel, and fish-cum-duck ponds in southwestern Taiwan. COA Fish. Ser., (16): 113-141.

Lastimoza, P.J. 1982. Spreading the word about rice-fish culture. PCARRD Monit., 10(5): 2-3.

Li, S. 1987. Energy structure and efficiency of a typical Chinese integrated farm. Aquaculture, 65(2): 105-118.

Li, K. 1988. Rlce-fish culture in China, a review. Aquaculture, 71(3): 173-186.

Libuano, L.P. 1989. A goat-fish integrated farming system in the Philippines: effects of stocking densities and goat manure loading rates on the yield of Oreochromis niloticus. In E.A. Huisman, N. Zonneveld & A.H.M. Bouwmans, eds. Aquacultural research in Asia: management techniques and nutrition. Wageningen, Netherlands, Center for Agricultural Publishing and Documentations Pudoc.

Libunao, L.P. 1990. Goat/fish integrated farming in the Philippines. Ambio, 19(8): 408-410.

Lightfoot, C. 1990. Integration of aquaculture and agriculture, a route to sustainable farming systems. Naga, ICLARM Q., 13(1): 9-12.

Lightfoot, C. & Tuan, N.A. 1990. Drawing picture of integrated farms helps everyone: an example from Vietnam. Aquabyte, 3(2): 5-6.

Lightfoot, C., Dela Cruz, C.R. & Carangal, V.R. 1990. International research collaboration in rice-fish research. Naga, ICLARM Q., 13(4): 10-11.

Lightfoot, C., Roger, P.A., Cagauan, A.G. & Dela Cruz, C.R. 1990. A fish crop may improve rice yields and ricefields. Naga, ICLARM Q., 13(4): 12-13.

Lipton, A.P. 1983. Prospects of paddy-cum-fish culture in the north eastern region of India. Seafood Export J., 15(9): 25-30.

Little, D. & Muir, J. 1987. A guide to integrated warm water aquaculture. 238 p. Stirling, Scotland, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling.

Lorico, B.V. 1981. Fish culture integration could maximize use of resources. PCARRD Monit., 9(9):11-12.

Mackay, K.T., Chapman, G., Sollows, J. & Thongpan, N. 1986. Rice-fish culture in North East Thailand, the diversity stability link. 27 p. Paper presented at the IFOAM Sixth International Scientific Conference, California, USA, 18-21 August 1986.

Maclean, J.L. 1987. Small-scale integrated farming in the Philippines. Naga, ICLARM Q., 10(1): 11-12.

Mang-umphan, K. 1987. Culture of Nile tilapia in paddles using chemical and commercial organic fertilizers. Thai Fish. Gaz., 40(2): 135-147.

Mang-umphan, K. & Arce, R.G. 1988. Culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a rice-fish culture system using chemical and commercial organic fertilizers. ICLARM Conf. Proc., (15): 59-62.

Manik, R. & Tiensongrusmee, B. 1979. Integrated brackishwater farm system in Indonesia. Bull. Brackishwat. Aquacult. Dev. Cent. Jepara, 5(1/2): 369-376.

Middendorp, A.J. & Verreth, J.A.J. 1986. The potential of and constraints to fish culture in integrated farming systems in the Lam Pao Irrigation Project, Northeast Thailand. Aquaculture, 56(1): 63-78.

Mitra, B., Gupta A. & Lah, U.K. 1987. Effects of some manures on the growth and production of major carps in village ponds of District Birbhum, West Bengal. Environ. Ecol., 5(2): 381-385.

Mukhopadhyay, P.K., Das, D.N. & Roy, B. 1989. Integrated rice-fish culture, increased productivity from deepwater ricelands in West Bengal. Naga, ICLARM Q., 12(1): 6-7.

Naegel, L. 1988. The integration of aquaculture and agricultural production. Anim. Res. Dev., 27: 7-15.

Natarajan, M. 1985. Recycling of poultry droppings through tilapia fish culture. Agric. Wastes, 13(4): 305-313.

Ogburn, D.M., Jumalon, N.A. & Sycip, M.L. 1986. An integrated semi-intensive shrimp and livestock system in the Philippines. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon & L.V. Hosillos, eds. The First Asian Fisheries Forum, p. 137-140. Manila, Philippines, Asian Fisheries Society.

Pandit, P.K. & Joshi, H.C. 1986. Control of paddy pests through biological and chemical means in paddy cum fish culture system. Bull. Cent. Inland Fish. Res. Inst. (Barrackpore), (48): 13.1-5.

Paul, S. 1986. Some economic aspects of integrated farming systems. Bull. Cent. Inland Fish. Res. Inst., Barrackpore, (48): 19.1-5.

Pinnoi, S. 1986. The economics of integrated fish farm production in the Central Plain, 1985. Thai Fish. Gaz., 39(4): 359-369.

Plavnik, I., Barash, H. & Schroeder, G. 1983. Utilization of duck's droppings in fish farming. Nutr. Rep. Int., 28(3): 635-641.

Polich, T. 1979. Rice/carp farming in the Philippines and cultural acceptance. ICLARM Newsl., 2(4): 13-15.

Potipitak, K., Kribgratok, S. & Sutheemechaiicul, S. 1986. Rice field fish culture in rainfed agricultural development area. Thai Fish. Gaz., 39(6): 575-582.

Pudadera, B.J., Jr., Corre, K.C., Coniza, E. & Taleon, G.A. 1986. Integrated farming of broiler chickens with fish and shrimp in brackishwater ponds. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon & L.V. Hosillos, eds. The First Asian Fisheries Forum. p. 141-144. Manila, Philippines, Asian Fisheries Society.

Pullin, R.S.V. 1985. Time to reappraise rice-fish culture. ICLARM Newsl., 8(4): 3-4.

Purushan, K.S. 1986. Recent advances in paddy-cum fish culture and its scope in Kerala. Seafood Export J., 18(5): 13-16.

Quines, O.D., Vargas, R.B. & Ibarra, V.M. 1986. Fecal coliforms as index of pollutions in an integrated pig-fish farm system. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon & L.V. Hosillos, eds. The First Asian Fisheries Forum. p. 145-147. Manila, Philippines, Asian Fisheries Society.

Radheyshyam. 1986. Microbiological aspects in integrated fish farming systems. Bull. Cent. Inland Fish. Res. Inst., Barrackpore, (48): 17.1-17.

Ramsey, P. 1983. Rlce-fish practices in Ifugao Province, Philippines. ICLARM Newsl., 6(3): 8.

Report of the International Workshop on Integrated Livestock/Fish/Crop/Forestry Production Systems for Small Farmers and Fishermen. Vol. 1. 1980. International Workshop on Integrated Livestock/Fish/Crop/Forestry Production Systems for Small Farmers and Fishermen, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 4-9 April 1980. Bangkok, Department of Livestock Development.

Roy, B., Das, D.N. & Mukhopadhyay, P.K. 1990. Rlce-fish-vegetable integrated farming: towards a sustainable ecosystem. Naga, ICLARM Q., 13(4): 17-18.

Ruddle, K. 1982. Traditional integrated farming systems and rural development, the example of rice field fisheries in Southeast Asia. Agric. Admin., 10: 1-11.

Ruddle, K. & Zhong, G. 1988. Integrated agriculture-aquaculture in South China, the dike-pond system of the Zhujiang Delta. 173 p. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Ruddle, K., Furtado, J.l., Zhong, G.F. & Deng, H.Z. 1983. The mulberry dike-carp pond resource system of the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Delta, People's Republic of China. l. Environmental context and system overview. Appl. Geogr., 3: 45-62.

Ryther, J.H.J. 1983. The evolution of integrated aquaculture systems. J. World Maricult. Soc., 14: 473-484.

Sathiadhas, R., Panlickar, K.K.P., Satyavan, U.K. & Jacob, T. 1989. Economic evaluation of paddy-prawn integrated farming in Kerala. Seafood Export J., 21(11): 9-21.

Shang, Y.C. 1988. Integrated fish farming in China. Aquacult. Mag., 14(2): 28-33.

Shang, Y.C. & Costa-Pierce, B.A. 1983. Integrated aquaculture-agriculture farming systems, some economic aspects. J. World Maricult. Soc., 14: 523-530.

Sharma, B.K. & Das, M.K. 1988. Integrated fish-livestock-crop farming system. In M. Mohan Joseph, ed. The First Indian Fisheries Forum, p. 27-30. Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Asian Fisheries Society, Indian Branch.

Sharma,B.K., Das, M.K. & Chakrabarty, D.P. 1985. Fish-cum-livestock farming, package of practices for increasing production. Aquacult. Ext. Mat. New Ser., (5): 32 p.

Sharma, B.K., Das, M.K. & Chakraborty, D.P. 1985. Package of practices for increasing production in fish-cum-livestock farming system. Aquacult. Ext. Man. Cent. Inland Fish. Res. Inst. Barrackpore (New Ser), (5): 32 p.

Sharma, B.K., Das M.K. & Das, S.R. 1988. Carp farming integrated with pig raising in India. Environ. Ecol., 6(1): 159-168.

Singh, H. 1990. Mixed rice-fish farming in India. Seafood Export J., 22(5): 19-22.

Sinha, V.R.P. 1986. Integrated carp farming in Asian country. In R. Billard & J. Marcel, eds. Aquaculture of cyprinids (L'aquaculture des cyprinids), p. 377-390. Coll. Hydrobiol. Aquacult.

Sollows, J.D. & Tongpan, N. 1986. Comparative economics of rice-fish culture and rice monoculture in Ubon Province, Northeast Thailand. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dixon & L.V. Hosillos, eds. The First Asian Fisheries Forum, p. 149-152. Manila, Philippines, Asian Fisheries Society.

Symposium-Workshop on Integrated Crop-Livestock-Fish Farming, 1980. Integrated crop-livestock-fish farming. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 19-24 November 1979. ASPAC-FFTC Book Ser. No. 16, 147 p. Taipei, Taiwan, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, ASPAC.

Tamse, A.F., Fortes, N.R., Catedrilla, L.C. & Yuseco, J.E.H. 1985. The effect of using piggery wastes in brackishwater fishpond on fish production. Univ. Philipp. Visayas Fish. J., 1(1): 69-76.

Taylor, S. & Klampratum, D. 1986. Appropriate adaptation of rice-fish culture to upland terraced rice in Northern Thailand. Paper presented at the Department of Agriculture Annual Conference, Bartok, Thailand, 23-28 April 1986.

Taylor, S.R., Pakdee, B., & Klampratum, D. 1988. Border method and fish culture, synergistic effects on the yield of rice grain. ICLARM Conf. Proc., (15): 91-98.

Tetangko, M.H., editor. 1980. Integrated crop-livestock-fish farming. Proceedings of the Symposium-Workshop on Integrated Crop-Livestock-Fish Farming, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 19-24 November 1979. ASPAC-FFTC Book Ser. No. 16, 147 p. Taipei, Taiwan, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, ASPAC.

Theincharoen, P. 1987. Rice field fish culture in Surin province. Thai Fish. Gaz., 40(3): 265-269.

Udeni, E. 1988. Duck-fish integration under extensive fish culture, without the use of a fish feed. In P. Radhakrishna, M.M. Singh & C.K. John, eds. Second Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Technology for Rural Development. Singapore, World Scientific Publishing Co.

Wohlfarth, G.W. & Schroeder, G.L. 1979. Use of manure in fish farming, a review. Agric. Wastes, 1(4): 279-299.

Yan, J.H. 1989. Integrated fish culture management in China. In W.J. Mitch & S.E. Joergensen, eds. Ecological engineering: an introduction to ecotechnology, p. 375-408. New York, USA, John Wiley & Sons.

Zhu, Y., Yang, Y., Wan, J., Hua, D. & Mathias, J.A. 1990. The effect of manure application rate and frequency upon fish yield in integrated fish farm ponds. Aquaculture, 91(3-4): 233-251.

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Tanoli

Tanoli claim they migrated from a place named "Tanubal River" in Afghanistan but are most probably an aboriginal tribe. Tanolis were located in basin of Mahaban once before they were pushed by the invading Pashtun tribes to Amb. They are further divided into two great clans namely Hindwal and Pallal, names that clearly show a non-Pashtun origin and akin to the other aboriginal tribes of that region such as the Gujars Dhunds, Gakkars etc. The Nawab of Amb Painda Khan was the most notable personality of the 19th century.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

They have tremendous history of bravery especially against Sikhs when Hari Singh Nalwa has been appointed as Governer of Hazara by Ranjeet Singh.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Majority of them recide in the former state of Amb in Hazara division of NWFP of Pakistan. Their main langaue is Hindko, but those living in Pashtun dominated areas can also speak Pashto.

Related Topics:
Hazara - Pashto

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

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How to Build a Greenhouse Door - wikiHow

2010-05-18T02:36:00.000-07:00

How to Build a Greenhouse Door - wikiHow

2010-05-11T00:58:00.001-07:00

Evelyn Waugh delivered probably the most memorable satire and protest against Dickens in A Handful of Dust. Waugh's protagonist, Tony Last ("Last" - get it?), grows up in and inherits a country house described by a fictitious contemporary tourist guide as follows:

Between the villages of Hetton and Compton Last lies the extensive park of Hetton Abbey. This, formerly one of the notable houses of the county, was entirely rebuilt in 1864 in the Gothic style and is now devoid of interest.

Last loves the house and the 19th century sensibility it embodies, and for this offense Waugh invents one of his most memorably sadistic punishments: Last travels to the Amazon jungle, where he is captured by an illiterate tribal chief, manacled, and compelled to spend the rest of his life reading aloud the complete works of Dickens - a hilarious and terrifying manifestation of horror Victorianus.
The best analogy to how people like Wilde and Waugh felt about Dickens and his time is the way feminists and protesters who came of age in the 1960s and 1970s felt about "the fifties." Just as that phrase conjured up for them a wasteland of sexual repression and mindless conformity and suffocating complacency and uglifying suburbia - without much regard to the actual events or personalities of the period - so Dickens and the Victorians epitomized for the first modernists everything they set themselves against.
In one other important way, Wilde and Waugh and we live across a great chasm from Dickens. Beginning in the 1850s and 1860s, the mortality rate for young children in the British Isles began a prolonged and profound decline. In the early 1840s, almost 300 of every 1000 children born in the British Isles would die before the age of four. By the 1890s, when Wilde flourished, that rate had tumbled by nearly half, to about 150. By the 1930s, when Waugh wrote A Handful of Dust, the rate had halved again, to about 75 per 1000.
This change represented a triumph of public health, rather than medicine proper: cleaner water, purer food, more washing, and so on. But what it meant was that the death of the young receded from British consciousness. The death of Little Nell is supposed to have been inspired by the death of Charles Dickens' beloved sister-in-law, Mary Hogarth, at age 17 in Dickens' then home in Doughty Street. (Still standing by the way.) At that time, the death of the young was a harrowing but familiar experience. Of Dickens' own 10 children, one died before the age of 1, and another died aged 22. Dickens could expect many of his readers likewise to be touched by similar losses - and to share his intense need to absorb and understand their loss.
Wilde's readers and Waugh's even more would be much less likely to feel this need. For them, child mortality was rapidly becoming rare, and especially rare among the more affluent social classes to which most of their readers belonged. The death of a very young person from disease simultaneously became more unusual - and also more shocking and horrifying. An experience that had been painful but common became unusual and almost unbearable. To describe such an event as Dickens did seemed to those who came after him exploitive almost obscene - as if he were luxuriating in pain, delighting in suffering.
At this much greater distance, the anti-Dickensianism passions of the 1890s or 1930s seems almost as quaint as Dickens himself, actually quainter. For all the medical advances of the 20th century, death remains omnipresent and always will. We've all had losses, and we all struggle not only with the immediate grief but with the longer-term sadnesses and paradoxes of survivorship. Say what you will about Dickens - but have those feelings ever been described better than they were in this one passage from Chapter 17? Nell has entered a quite country graveyard and is studying the humble headstones of the poor people buried there:

She was looking at a humble stone which told of a young man who had died at twenty-three years old, fifty-five years ago, when she heard a faltering step approaching, and looking round saw a feeble woman bent with the weight of years, who tottered to the foot of that same grave and asked her to read the writing on the stone. The old woman thanked her when she had done, saying that she had had the words by heart for many a long, long year, but could not see them now.

'Were you his mother?' said the child.

'I was his wife, my dear.'

She the wife of a young man of three-and-twenty! Ah, true! It was fifty-five years ago.

'You wonder to hear me say that,' remarked the old woman, shaking her head. 'You're not the first. Older folk than you have wondered at the same thing before now. Yes, I was his wife. Death doesn't change us more than life, my dear.'

'Do you come here often?' asked the child.

'I sit here very often in the summer time,' she answered, 'I used to come here once to cry and mourn, but that was a weary while ago, bless God!'

'I pluck the daisies as they grow, and take them home,' said the old woman after a short silence. 'I like no flowers so well as these, and haven't for five-and-fifty years. It's a long time, and I'm getting very old.'

Then growing garrulous upon a theme which was new to one listener though it were but a child, she told her how she had wept and moaned and prayed to die herself, when this happened; and how when she first came to that place, a young creature strong in love and grief, she had hoped that her heart was breaking as it seemed to be. But that time passed by, and although she continued to be sad when she came there, still she could bear to come, and so went on until it was pain no longer, but a solemn pleasure, and a duty she had learned to like. And now that five-and-fifty years were gone, she spoke of the dead man as if he had been her son or grandson, with a kind of pity for his youth, growing out of her own old age, and an exalting of his strength and manly beauty as compared with her own weakness and decay; and yet she spoke about him as her husband too, and thinking of herself in connexion with him, as she used to be and not as she was now, talked of their meeting in another world, as if he were dead but yesterday, and she, separated from her former self, were thinking of the happiness of that comely girl who seemed to have died with him.

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2010-04-24T03:44:00.001-07:00

James Randi Speaks Homeopathy Week 2010

2010-04-24T03:38:00.000-07:00

2010-04-23T05:29:00.001-07:00

2010-03-20T19:45:00.001-07:00

london; spring has arrived here.

The Transportation Lobby - Developers in the Driver’s Seat on Transportation

2010-03-18T15:02:00.001-07:00

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2008-07-30T22:57:00.000-07:00

A-level results 2006 - South Manchester - Education - News - South Manchester Reporter
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A-level results 2006 - South Manchester

18/ 8/2006

A-level results (AS-level passes in brackets)

WITHINGTON GIRLS' SCHOOL

F Akhtar 4 (1), K Amin 4 (1), S Atkinson 4 (1), H Baker 4 (1), S Bakht 3 (2), H Barber 4 (1), J Blake 4 (1), N Bruniges 4 (1), R Cassidy 5 (1), A Chattopadhyay 5, K Combes 4 (1), S Cooper 4 (1), H Darke 5, B Ecclestone 4 (1), A Falconer 4 (1), F Ferguson 4 (1), N Gascoyne 4 (1), H Guthrie 4 (1), A Hackney 4 (1), A Hanlon 4 (1), R Harris 3 (2), A Hayward-Kourabas 4 (1), L Hazeldine 4 (1), E Hedley 4 (1), R Heydecker 4 (1), J Hooper 4 (1), S Huddlestone 3 (2), S Khanijau 5, T Lapidus 3 (2), S Lee 4 (1), K Limond 5, P Lister 4 (1), H Luker-Coombs 4 (1), K Lynas 4 (3), C Major 4 (1), M Marks 4 (1), A Mastan 4 (1), G McMahon 4 (1), S Mohammad 3 (2), N Mokhtassi 4 (1), E Moss 4 (1), A Murphy 4 (1), N Nanavati 4 (1), A Neve 4 (1), J Nicholson 4 (1), K O'Herlihy 4 (1), Se Ye Oh 3 (2), C Owens 4 (2), H Panesar 5, C Parker 4 (1), A Parkin 4 (1), S Parr 4 (1), S Passi 4 (1), F Pathak 4 (1), R Ramsey 4 (1), A Ranson 4 (1), H Rhoades 4 (1), L Richardson 4 (1), H Rimmer 4 (1), E Roper 4 (1), P Roper 4 (1), P Rosindale 4 (1), Z Rowley 4 (1), H Sivner 4 (1), S Slater 4 (1), J Stones 4 (1), M Stoppani-Lawless 4, J Strbac 5, H Strzelecki 4 (1), H Sugarman 4 (1), S Tang 5 (1), K Taylor 4 (1), R Turner 4 (1), N Vallabh 3 (2), D Vanstone 4 (1), L Wang 4 (1), G Waxman 4 (1), R Whiteley 5, C Wilde 4 (1), O Wilkinson 4 (1), J Wong 3 (2), So Yi Yeung 4 (1).

ST BEDE'S COLLEGE

Y Akinbami 3 (2), S Alexopoulou 5, R Al-Nassir 4 (1), N Atanga 4 (1), J Beirne 3 (1), A Bouskouchi 3 (2), K Bradley 3 (2), A Brady 3 (2), H Breen 4 (1), W Breislin 3 (2), E Brooke 3 (2), K Burchill 3 (2), H Burton 3 (2), A Butterworth 4 (1), K Byrne 3 (2), M Cahill 3 (2), A Carlisle 3 (2), C Carr 3 (2), W Carr-Deed 3 (1), W Chan 3, R Clarke 4 (1), T Cleasby 3, N Cleere 3 (2), D Collins 3 (1), C Conroy 5, O Cordwell 4 (1), P Cowell 3, T Cowsill 4 (1), M Curran 3 (2), M Dallen 3 (2), N Dawood 4 (1), R Devlin 4 (1), C Dobie 3 (2), C Dwyer 4, N Eccleston 2, O Edwards 4 (1), M Egbe 4 (1), Emma Farfan 3 (2), J Fawcett 3 (2), K Fawcett 3 (1), H Finnigan 3 (2), S Foley 4 (1), D Fox 3 (1), S Freeley 4, K Gallagher 4 (1), R Garcia 3 (2), R Gaskell 3 (2), W Gibbs 3 (1), R Gibson 3, T Gill 4 (1), E Glancy 3 (2), A Glibaci 2 (3), T Green 4 (1), C Greenough 3 (2), R Hannaway 4 (1), K Hayes 3 (2), W Hei 5 (1), S Hirech 4 (1), S Hodgkinson 3 (2), A Hogben 3 (2), A Hollins 4 (1), L Hopkins 3 (2), D Irwin 4 (1), N Jackson 4 (1), S Jones 3 (2), W Kay 4 (1), L Kelly 4 (1), C Kennedy 3 (2), D Keogh 4 (1), E Kinsella 3 (1), C Kou 5 (1), M Kromolicki 4, C Kwiatkowski 3 (2), M Labesa 3 (2), J Lacon 4, D Lawson 4 (1), Y Lee 3 (1), A Livesey 5 (1),M Loader 4 (1), J Loughrey 4 (1), M Ludlam 4 (1), V Lukyanov 5 (1), G Maher 3, J Maloney 3 (2), P Malpas 4 (1), M Mansaray 4 (1), C McCotter 5, A McDonald 4 (1), J McEwen 4 (1), C McGrath 3 (2), A McIntyre 4 (1), R McKavney 3 (2), M McKenna 4 (1), M McQuade 5 (1), C Mellor 4 (1), C Metcalfe 3 (2), S Millar 4, K Murphy 3 (2), P Murphy 4 (1), G Nguyen 4 (1), H Nguyen 4 (1), S O'Flynn 4 (1), J O'Hanlon 4 (1), M O'Malley 4 (1), O Odeneye 3 (2), S Park 3 (2), J Parkinson 4 (1), D Percival 3 (1), M Percival 3 (1), S Phythian 3 (2), S Seong 4 (1), D Serrage 4 (1), H Simpson 4 (1), J Skehan 3 (2), H Slevin 4 (1), A Smith 3 (2), R Smith 3 (2), O Spaine 3 (2), T Stephens 3 (2), A Stoyanov 3 (2), A Taylor 4 (1), S Taylor 3 (2), Y Tian 3 (1), N Townley 3 (1), Q Tran 1 (4), H Trinh 4 (1), A Valentine 3 (1), L Venables 4 (1), G Wade 4 (1), J Walsh 3 (1), L Walsh 3 (2), H Ward 3 (1), C Whitehead 3 (1), J Wilkinson 4 (1), K Wong 4, G Woodruff 3 (1), K Yates 4 (1), J Yip 2 (1), D Zhu 4 (1).

WHALLEY RANGE HIGH

F Abukar 4 (1), A Abuzour 3, S Afzal 2, N Agil 3, A Ahmed 3, A Ahmed 2, S Ahmed 3, A Akhtar 2, N Akhtar 3, H Al-Baghdady 4, C Aldred 3, M Anwar 3, A Arshad 1 (2), A Arshad 3, F Arshad 3 (1), S Ayub 3, S Badawi 3, B Basharat 2, S Basharat 2, A Bashir 3, H Bawa 2 (1), S Begum 3 (1), D Bell 3, H Butt 2, S Butt 3, S Butt 3, A Chaudhry 3, M Dukali 2 (1), A Ezzaddin 2 (1), Z Farah 2, S Farid 2, F Fassihi 3 (1), A Gandy 3, F Haji 2, A Hanif 3, N Hussain 2, H Iftikhar 2, M Iftikhar 3, K Iqbal 3, M Isak 2, K Kaur Singh 2, M Khalid 3, S Khalifehhadi 2 (1), J Khan 3 (1), M Khan 3 (1), S Khan 2, S Khan 3, S Khojani 2 (1), M Kulan 2, H Mahmood 2, M Mahmud 2 (1), S Masud-Bahu 2 (1), A Mohammed 2 (1), S Mohyud-Din 2, H Moore 2, N Morais 3 (1), A Mushtaq 3, Z Naqvi 3 (1), S Nawaz 3, N Peatfield 3, S Rahman 3, M Rana 2, R Ratcliffe 2, P Raval 2, A Razzaque 2, A Rehman 1 (2), R Sadiqua 2, P Samant 3, S Shabir 2 (1), A Shekhey 3, S Siddiqui 3, S Singh 2, M Smith 2 (1), M Starodubtseva 3, N Sultan 2, S Sunny 3, S Usman 2, E Williams 2 (1), T Winjobi 2, J Wright 3, A Younis 2, R Yousaf 2, M Zafar 3, H Zahoor 2, N Zain 2.

PARRS WOOD TECH

S Abbas 3 (1), Y Abrar 2 (1), H Afzal 3 (1), A Ahmed 4 (1), S Ahmed 3 (1), F Akhtar 2, H Ali 3 (1), H Ali 1, S Ali 3 (1), W Ali 3 (1), H Al-Najjar 3, S Altaf 2 (2), S Anayat 3 (2), H Anwar 3 (1), L Arnold 3, P Ashcroft 3 (1), T Aslam 2 (1), S Azim 2 (1), J Badger 3, C Bannon 3, A Bashir 3, L Bateman 3 (1), P Baxter 3 (2), D Beech Bennett 2 (1), S Begum 1, A Bennett 3 (1), P Bolchover 3 (2), A Borg-Costanzi 3 (2), S Bramley 3 (1), R Bush 3 (1), D Cabaniuk 2, J Camilleri 3, C Cantor 3 (2), N Carragher 4, A Cawthorne 1 (1), C Chan 3 (1), A Chaudhari 3 (1), K Choudhary 2 (1), A Choudhury 3, S Choudhury 2, S Chowdhury 3, A Clemmett 3, L Connor 1 (1), N Connor 2, E Coombes-Huntley 3 (2), A Critten 3 (1), M Crompton 4 (1), H Cummins Olsen 2, M Davenport 1 (3), B Dehghan 3, A Dookun 3 (1), D Dooney 4 (1), C Dowling 3 (2), K Dutton 3 (1), R Emery 4, D Fattah 3, M Fernandes 2 (1), J Fletcher 3, M Fletcher 3 (1), S Fraser 3, E Gallagher 4 (2), R Ghanei 4, K Gill 6, T Graham 3 (1), H Grainger 3, M Grant-Lipinski 3 (1), T Gregson 3, R Gupta 3 (1), S Hadfield 2 (1), O Hall 2 (1), L Hammond 3, A Haneef 3 (1), A Hasan 3 (1), A Hassan 3, J Hawksley 4 (1), A Hepton 3 (2), S Higgins 2, M Hignett 3, R Hill 3, E Hilmi 2 (2), C Hind 3, C Hopcyn 3 (2), L Hopkins 3 (1), K Hopwood 3 (1), A Hoque 3 (1), B Houlihan 3, R Hughes 3 (1), A Hussain 4, B Hussain 3, F Hussain 3 (1), H Hussain 3, J Hussain 3 (1), K Hussain 1 (2), M Hussain 1, M Hussain 2 (2), S Ibish 4 (1), K Illingworth 3 (1), S Ingle 1 (2), A Iqbal 4, N Ishfaq 3 (1), N Jackson 4 (1), A Jama 1 (1), P Jaspan 3 (1), O Javeed 3 (1), H Jeffs 1 (4), M Joshi 2,S Jussab 3, S Kabir 3 (2), J Kemp 3 (1), R Khalil 3, G Khan 3, S Khan 3 (1), Z Khan 3, N Khatun 3, L Kilby 3 (1), M Kingdon 2, L Kinniburgh 3 (1), D Kitchen 3 (1), R Knowles 3 (1), A Lambert 3 (1), L Lister 3 (1), J Lobo 3, A Lockley 3 (1), M Maguire 3 (1), A Mahon 3 (1), B Malik 3, J Malik 4, S Malik 3, U Malik 3, R Malook 3 (1), N Mani 3, E Manley 3 (1), K Mantinieks 3, S Marsh 3, T McDowall 3, A McGown 3 (1), D McWilliams 3 (1), A Mealing 2, Y Mhlanga 3, J Miah 3 (1), M Miller 3 (1), C Mills 3, A Mitchell 2, F Mulvihill 3 (2), M Mushtaq 3 (1), V Nevins 3 (1), P Neyses 3, S Nickson 3 (1), P Nowroozi Forooshani 3 (2), J O'Bern 1 (2), E Owen 3, J Parker 3, S Patel 3 (2), V Pendlebury 3, J Perryman 3, T Pool 2 (2), S Purlackee 2 (3), N Racz 3 (2), R Rae 5, S Rahman 2 (2), T Rahman 3 (1), M Rajabi 0 (2), O Rashid 4, C Roe 2 (2), S Rushton 4 (1), R Sale 2 (1), M Scholes 3 (1), A Sekhri 3 (1), S Senthinathan 3 (1), L Seton 3 (1), M Shahid 2 (1), Z Shams 2, S Sharif 3, U Sharif 2 (1), T Shearer 3 (1), A Sheikh 3, F Siddiqui 4, D Singh 4, S Singh 1, J Smail 3 (1), D Smith 3 (1), S Smitham 4 (1), C Soryal 3 (1), B Spiro Hughes 3, E Sprout 3, I Sumner 3 (2), Z Sutherland 4 (1), J Syed Ali 2, M Tanvir 3, J Taylor 3 (1), M Thind 1 (1), F Topson 3 (1), N Trimble 3 (2), S Uppal 3 (1), L Watson 3 (1), V Whitfield 3 (1), S Whittall 3 (1), B Wood 3 (1), J Wood 3, O Yaqub 3 (1), S Yazdjerd 2, J York 3 (1), M Young 3 (1),S Young 3 (1), A Ziara 2 (3), L Zilic 3 (1).

MANCHESTER GIRLS' HIGH

A Ahmad 4 (1), J Andrew 3 (2), M Anwar 4 (1), M Ashraf 3 (1), R Beeston 3 (2), J Beham 4 (1), S Bellini 3 (2), M Bhima 3 (2), F Black 4 (1), D Blake 3 (2), K Bor 3 (2), K Boss 3 (2), J Bourke 3 (1), H Brown 3 (2), M Carr 3 (2), H Carroll 3 (2), P Chadha 3 (3), C Chan 4 (1), H Collard 4 (1), C Comer 3 (2), K Copitch 3 (2), S Creme 4 (1), L Deignan 4 (1), V Eley 4 (1), J Embury 3 (2), R Eyres 3 (2), H Fallon 3 (2), C Faulkner 3 (1), E Finch 4 (1), E Ford 3 (2), J Foulkes 3 (2), S Ginty 3 (3), A Goodman 3 (2), R Greenlees 3 (2), L Hallworth 3 (2), S Hassan 5, C Higgins 3 (2), N Higgs 4 (1), L Holden 4 (1), C Holmes 3 (2), S Hoque 3 (2), L Hunter 3 (2), L Hussain 4 (1), J Hutchinson 4 (1), S Hutton 4 (1), G Hymanson 3 (1), K Jackson 3 (2), A Jagota 3 (2), L Jairath 3 (2), J Jayson 3 (2), H Jessup-Neary 2 (4), F Jones 4 (1), M Khan 3 (2), R Khemlani 4 (1), B Khilosia 3 (2), O Kirsch 3 (2), H Klepper 3 (4), C Kramer 3 (3), K Leviten 4 (1), S Levy 3 (2), E Li 3 (2), El Lighton 2 (2), C Matus 3 (2), E McClelland 3 (2), A McGlade 3 (2), H Mohamed 3 (2), J Mooneeram 4 (1), L Morrison 4 (1), J Mort 4 (1), L Mutch 3 (2), K Noon 3 (2), P Palimar 4 (1), H Pandit 3 (3), N Peppi 4 (1), R Perry 3 (2), Y Pinarbasi 3 (4), Z Raisi Estabragh 5 (1), M Rasul 4 (1), M Rubins 4 (1), M Ruia 3 (2), Il Samberg 3 (3), K Savile 3 (1), Z Shafiq 3 (2), J Shah 3 (2), S Shah 3 (2), S Sheikh 3 (2), F Siddiqui 3 (2), P Skeldon 3 (2), C Stevenson 4 (1), S Tariq 3 (1), E Thomas 4 (1), J Thornber 4 (1), T Thornton 3 (2), K Threlfall 3 (2), K Tyer 3 (3), C Unwin 3 (2), E Walton 3 (2), L Wilkinson 3 (2), R Withers 3 (2), A Yaffe 3 (2).

MANCHESTER GRAMMAR

M Abbas 3 (2), J Adams 3 (1), S Ahmed 4, F Ahmed 4, A Ahmed 3 (1), D Ailion 4, S Akbar 4, S Allcock 4, T Alldred 4, H Amini 4, S Anderson 4, D Anderson 3 (1), N Anderson 4, H Awan 4, I Azam 3 (1), D Azimi 5, T Baildam 4, D Bailey 3 (1), M Batchelor 4, M Battye 3 (1), T Beach 4, A Bedwell 4, D Benstead 4, G Blom 4, J Bradley 3, A Brandwood 4, A Briggs 4, J Brigham 3 (1), A Brogan 4, A Broude 3 (1), J Brown 3 (1), J Burrows 4, C Burrows 4, A Callaghan 3 (1), L Callander 3, J Caplin 3 (1), M Carter 3 (1), T Chadwick 4, J Chen 4 (1), C Churchill-Davies 4, N Citron 4, J Clayton 4, D Cohen 3 (1), R Cohen 4, J Conrad 4, P Cotton 4, P Cowie 4, P Cruickshank 4, N Dave 4, D Davies 4, A Dickie 4, M Ditchfield 4, A Eastwood 3 (1), E Ellis 4, M Ellis 4, B Fitton 4, N Flax 3 (1), L Flinn 4, R Fong 4, M Fong 4 (1), C Forgham-Bailey 3 (1), S Gangani 3 (1), J Gilbert 4, C Gough 4, S Govind 4, R Greenhough 3 (1), G Griffiths 5, B Hampson 3, V Handa 4, J Harris 4, A Hartley 4, L Hartshorn 3 (1), A Heller 4, M Heywood 3 (1), J Hodari 4, M Hoffman 4, M Hughes 4, J Hulbert 4, R Huq 4, O Hury 4, J Hutchison 4, A Ibrahim 3, P Jackson 4, O Jackson 3 (1), R Jacobs 4, D Jacobs 3 (1), D Jacobson 4, L James 4, H Javaid 3 (1), P Jess 4 (1), M Johnson 3 (1), E Jones 3 (1), M Kay 3 (1), B Kelly 4, A Kelly 4, O Kerr 4, T Kua 4, J Ladusans 4, R Lakhani 3 (1), B Lau 4, C Leahy 4, D Leigh 3, J Leinhardt 4, P Leonard 4, M Leung 4, B Lewis 4, D Liang 4 (1), R Lin 4, D Linton 4, J Liu Yin 4, M Lloyd 4, I Maitland 4, A Mason 4, D Matthews 3 (1), T McGrath 4, B McNicholl 4, T Middleton 4, A Midgley-Hunt 4, A Moosavi 4, J Moritz 4, R Morris 3 (1), A Mort 4, A Mullen 4, T Murray 3 (1), J Murray 4, M Nelson 3 (1), K Nie 3 (1), J O'Driscoll 4, T Ormerod 4, D O'Toole 4, A Pal 4, R Parfett 3 (1), A Parker 4, J Parker 3 (1), C Patel 3 (1), D Pearce 4, M Pemberton 3 (1), D Perks 4, R Philbin 3, J Pilkington 4, S Potluri 4 (1), A Prajapati 4, B Rapley 3, H Rashid 3 (1), W Ratoff 4, M Raza 4, P Reynolds 3 (1), R Richmond 4, D Rosenthal 3 (1), D Ross 4, J Royle 3 (1), M Sharif 4, A Sherman 4, E Shiers 4, S Shore 4, S Shupac 2 (2), M Shupac 4, D Silman 4, W Smith 4, G Smyth 4, T Staff 4, J Stolberg 4, S Street 4 (1), R Syratt 1, C Tait 4, A Tattersall 3, A Thakar 4, J Thom 4, B Topps 3 (1), A Trivedi 4, E Tsang 4, S Vincent 4, M Vora 4, A Warents 4, S Wheeler 4, T Wild 4, E Willey 3 (1), W Williams 4 (1), M Wilson 4, M Wiseman 4, T Wong 4 (1), D Woods 3 (1), W Wu 4, T Xu 4 (1), M Younis 4.

WILLIAM HULME

N Abid 2, R Adams 3, H Akhtar 3, K Anwar 3 (1), I Arshaid 3, S Aslam 3, J Benson 5, E Boyle 4, J Collins 4, H Dekeya 4, B Ehsan 4, S Gall 3 (1), Z Habib 4, A Hackett 3, J Haslam 4, S Hill 4, F Hussain 3, E Kane 4, M Keilich 4, A Khalid 3, H Khalid 3, R Lau 4, A Ma 6, L Mbaya 3, B McGivern 3, S Mehta 4, A Miles 3, A Murphy 3, V Pang 3 (1), G Qureshi 4, L Rushforth 4, L Salam 3 (1), R Saunders 3 (1), A Shaik 2, A Sutton 4, K Taher 3, T Thomas 4, S Thomas 3 (1), R Trinick 6 (1), A ul Karim 3 (1), H Wood 3, T Yue 4.

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New Islamabad International Airport Project
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atmalik
Registered Member

Joined: 11 Mar 2005
Posts: 1012
Location: USA
Posted: Fri Jul 25, 2008 10:09 am Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

so the name is changed to BB shaheed airport. What was it going to be called before does any one know? And I guess since its named after her now construction etc will proceed at full speed.

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Abbas Ali
Site Admin

Joined: 06 Aug 2004
Posts: 5622
Location: Pakistan
Posted: Fri Jul 25, 2008 11:31 am Post subject: Re: New ISB Airport

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

marooned wrote:
He said the new Islamabad International Airport which has been named after Benazir Bhutto Shaheed would be completed by the end of 2010.

So that's the reason we saw no newspaper photos or video on local news channels showing change in name of current Islamabad International Airport.

Abbas
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Abbas Ali
Site Admin

Joined: 06 Aug 2004
Posts: 5622
Location: Pakistan
Posted: Fri Jul 25, 2008 12:18 pm Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UK Firm to Construct New Islamabad Airport

From Muhammad Anis

ISLAMABAD: The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has awarded Rs. 11.8 billion contract to a UK-based firm and its local partners in Pakistan for construction of the first phase of the New Islamabad International Airport.

Director General CAA Farooq Rehmatullah and Business Development Director Lagan Construction Freddie Patterson signed the contract here Thursday.

Lagan Construction would mobilize machinery to start physical work on the project in the next two to three weeks. It would also carry out 60 percent of the total work included in the first phases while Hasnain Cotex Limited of Pakistan would accomplish the 40 percent task within 24-month time.

“We see a good environment to work here in Pakistan and will be bringing engineering experts from the UK to start physical activity in the next two to three weeks,” Freddie Patterson told newsmen.

Farooq Rehmatullah said the entire project of the New Islamabad International Airport was being named as Benazir Bhutto International Airport and the project would be completed by end of year 2010.

He said the airport would be completed in two phases out of which Lagan Construction and Hasnain Cotex would execute the first. “The short-listing of firms for second phase of the airport project was in progress,” CAA DG said.

He said five companies were short-listed and out of these, two firms submitted their bids.

He further said that the first phase included airside infrastructure comprising 3800 meters, rapid exit taxiways (4 rapid exits), parallel taxiway along the runway, apron for contact stands to cater for nine million persons annually, apron for remote stands to cater for nine million persons capacity, special areas to park hijacked aircraft, special areas to park ground handling equipment, underground cable networks for all facilities, road networks for vehicles, periphery road related to runway vault rooms.

The second phase of the new airport besides other facilities car parking for 2000 vehicles, covered parking area for 200 cars, 15 gates, 10 remote gates, 42 immigration counters, 9 baggage claim belts, 12 X-ray machines, and administration facilities.

CAA DG further informed the total area of the airport would be 3300 acres adding a small portion of the remaining land would be acquired in near future.

Source: The News
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Abbas Ali
Site Admin

Joined: 06 Aug 2004
Posts: 5622
Location: Pakistan
Posted: Fri Jul 25, 2008 12:26 pm Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quote:
Director General CAA Farooq Rehmatullah and Business Development Director Lagan Construction Freddie Patterson signed the contract here Thursday.

Lagan Group is based in Northern Ireland which is a constituent country within the United Kingdom. Here's link to official website of Lagan Group.

Link: www.lagangroup.co.uk

Abbas
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New Islamabad International Airport Project
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malpensa26
Registered Member

Joined: 08 Aug 2004
Posts: 657

Posted: Wed Nov 16, 2005 2:08 am Post subject: New Islamabad International Airport Project

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we have heard it before. its like every 4-5 months this article is reposted.

Land for Islamabad airport acquired
ISHFAQULLAH SHAWL
RAWALPINDI (November 15 2005): The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has acquired 3242 acres land at the cost of Rs 2.5 billion at Pind Ranjha near Fateh Jang, outside the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad for the construction of new Islamabad airport.

A CAA source told Business Recorder, the expected estimate of the project will be around Rs 15 billion. The plan to construct new airport in Islamabad was made in 1987 and land was acquired in two phases.

In the first phase, 23,506 kanals while in the second phase, another 2426 kanals of land was acquired. The source said the land was acquired in Rawalpindi and Attock districts.

"Preparations for the foundation stone laying ceremony have been completed but still no final date was given by President General Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz," he said.

He said petty work on the site is in progress. Fencing was completed around the airport site, besides watchtowers, track around the fencing, tanks, etc. But, he added, construction work of the airport building, runway and other building structure was not started so far.

He declined to give any final date for the launch of the project nor did he reply about its completion time.

It may be recall the CAA is operating Islamabad international airport in the suburbs of Rawalpindi city for the last 54 years, which is also closet to the federal capital. The airport is now heavily congested in its technical facilities, terminal building, aprons, taxiways, etc, because of increased air traffic.

It is located in the midst of heavily built-up and densely populated region and is hemmed in for expansion, both physically and environmentally. It is an important gateway to Pakistan leading further to a number of destinations around, particularly to Central Asia and Western China, besides Northern Areas of Pakistan.

The airport handles around 25,000 commercial aircraft movements, 2.5 million passengers and 27,000 metric tons of cargo every year. The traffic had a stable growth rate in the past, which is now temporarily squeezed by security situation around Pakistan and limits of the capacities.

Annual revenues from this much traffic are around Rs 550 million with a local operating expenditure of approximately Rs 211 million. Therefore, the airport provides an operating surplus of approximately Rs 339 million. The operations will be shifted to the new location.

The CAA some 18 years back had decided to build a new airport at Pind Ranjha, outside the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi to shift its airport operations. The feasibility report of the project was prepared by M/s Aeroport de Paris of France. Master planning and detailed designing was done by M/s Flughafen-Aeir Consult (FAG) of Germany. All planning activity was supervised by M/s Bechtel Inc, of USA.

The airport would have facilities of a 4-star hotel, duty free shopping plaza, business centre, food courts, international convention centre, shopping plaza, cargo village and housing complex.

Offices for government agencies such as CAA, immigration, airport security force, customs, health, etc, will be provided by the company to facilitate their duties and operation at the airport.

Copyright Business Recorder, 2005
nov 15 2005

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malpensa26
Registered Member

Joined: 08 Aug 2004
Posts: 657

Posted: Wed Nov 23, 2005 11:40 pm Post subject:

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CAA DG meets WAPDA chief

Staff Report

LAHORE: Air Marshal Pervaiz Akhtar Nawaz, director general of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), met WAPDA Chairman Tariq Hameed on Tuesday and discussed electricity supply to the new Islamabad airport.

Hameed assured the CAA DG of WAPDA’s full cooperation for the airport project.

Later, Air Marshal Pervaiz met Punjab Irrigation Secretary Nadeem Ashraf and discussed the water supply plan for the new airport

Theres still some hope

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Amaad Lone
Registered Member

Joined: 06 Aug 2004
Posts: 1550
Location: Lahore
Posted: Thu Nov 24, 2005 12:30 am Post subject:

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Why move to a new location??

Why not build on the exsisting grounds, there is enough empty land around for development.

This way cost of the new airport can be reduced, considering the runway would not need to be built.

Shifting to a new site, when the exisisting one is underdeveloped does not make sense.

But then again most government projects don't.

Amaad

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malpensa26
Registered Member

Joined: 08 Aug 2004
Posts: 657

Posted: Thu Nov 24, 2005 2:16 am Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

actually the current airport is heavily congested. as u probably know homes are with a few feet of the runway and the airport has no real approach road. kind of on the side like u enter a gas station.hopefully they can get away from the city pollution also. the current one could be used for military and VIPs.

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malpensa26
Registered Member

Joined: 08 Aug 2004
Posts: 657

Posted: Sun Dec 04, 2005 6:27 pm Post subject:

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Mr Aziz said that" a tender had been awarded for Islamabad airport to a world-renowned company which looks after the construction of airports"

dawn dec 4

The government is also upgrading airports and some major international airlines will start operating out of Karachi and other Pakistani cities soon, he said. There has been a shortage of seats for air travellers and PIA must increase capacity to cater to this demand, or foreign airlines will, he said.

More hotels are also needed to cater to the growing number of foreign visitors and the government will support private companies investing in this sector, Aziz said. Two leading international companies will build a new airport at Islamabad.

daily times dec 4

anybody know who these companies are and where from??????????

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Abbas Ali
Site Admin

Joined: 06 Aug 2004
Posts: 5622
Location: Pakistan
Posted: Sat Jan 07, 2006 11:05 am Post subject:

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CAA Initiates $300m New Islamabad Airport project

Pakistan’s first green-field airport

NIIA to have duty-free shops, hotels, air malls, business centre, food courts and recreational facilities

KARACHI: The first-ever green-field airport would be built in Islamabad at a cost of $300 million, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) announced on Friday.

Director General CAA, Air Marshal Pervez Akhtar Nawaz signed an agreement with a renowned international consultant - Louis Berger Group of USA - in association with Pakistani consulting firm ECIL, to undertake project management services.

The CAA is undertaking the development of the New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA) as part of the implementation of this prestigious project.

The contract signing ceremony was held at the CAA headquarters, Jinnah International Airport, Karachi.

The New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA) along with the new terminal building at Karachi and Lahore International Airports was part of CAA’s overall development programme.

However, due to financial commitments to the new terminal projects at Karachi and Lahore, along with other operational works, CAA could not launch this project earlier.

During last few years, CAA’s financial position has significantly improved and now it is able to undertake the mega project, the CAA spokesman said.

While the first contract for Project Management Services is signed, the CAA is close to receiving bids and proposals from international design consultants and signature architects for design of the new airport.

It is envisaged that the Design Consultants will commence their services by the end of March 2006. Soon after the mobilization of the Project Management Consultants, other processes for invitation of bids and award of construction contracts will be initiated. It is anticipated that the new facility will become operational by 2010.

The new airport site is located on 3,200 acres of land, acquired by CAA in 1980’s at Pind Ranjha near Fateh Jang, some 20km from Zero-Point, Islamabad and 23 km from Saddar, Rawalpindi involving driving time of only 20-25 minutes through network of motorways and highways.

The airport will be developed at par with international standards to serve as major hub for all aviation activities in the region.

Estimated to cost about $300 million, the new Airport facility, which is the first green-field airport in Pakistan, shall comprise a contemporary state-of-the-art passenger terminal building, control tower, runway with a provision of a secondary runway, taxiways, apron, cargo complex, and hangar together with all the necessary infrastructure and ancillary facilities. It would cater to the requirements of latest generation of modern passenger aircrafts. The new airport will have a modular design to handle 6.5 million passengers per annum and 100,000 metric tonnes cargo per annum.

Being a new airport, a significant portion of the land has been earmarked for commercial purposes such as duty-free shops, hotel and convention centre, air malls, business centre, food courts, leisure and recreational facilities.

The new airport is envisaged to be a modern landmark structure symbolic to represent twenty-first century Pakistan, as it will be the diplomatic and business gateway to Pakistan through the Capital City of Islamabad.

Source: The News
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“Think 100 times before you take a decision, but once that decision is taken, stand by it as one man.” - Muhammad Ali Jinnah

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haider123
Registered Member

Joined: 30 Dec 2005
Posts: 24
Location: Pakistan
Posted: Sat Jan 07, 2006 1:07 pm Post subject: when

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

when will the construction begin ..and when will it be ready for the its service ??? ..2025 i guess

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AirBlue
Registered Member

Joined: 18 Sep 2004
Posts: 3279
Location: Toronto, ON, Canada
Posted: Sat Jan 07, 2006 2:22 pm Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

do we have a model built of that airport yet ? wud love to see it ... if any one can provide a pic
_________________

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CoyBoy
Deactivated

Joined: 24 Aug 2004
Posts: 2420
Location: Pakistan
Posted: Sat Jan 07, 2006 9:26 pm Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Whats a green field airport?
_________________

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Abbas Ali
Site Admin

Joined: 06 Aug 2004
Posts: 5622
Location: Pakistan
Posted: Sat Jan 07, 2006 10:03 pm Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CoyBoy wrote:
Whats a green field airport?

A greenfield airport may be permitted where an existing airport is unable to meet the projected requirements of traffic or a new focal point of traffic emerges with sufficient viability. It can be allowed both as a replacement for an existing airport or for simultaneous operation. This aspect will have to be clearly spelt out in the notice inviting tenders.

No greenfield airport will normally be allowed within an aerial distance of 150 kilometers of an existing airport. Where it is allowed as a second airport in the same city or close vicinity, the parameters for distribution of traffic between the two airports will be clearly spelt out.

Info Source: Airports Authority of India
_________________
“Think 100 times before you take a decision, but once that decision is taken, stand by it as one man.” - Muhammad Ali Jinnah

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malpensa26
Registered Member

Joined: 08 Aug 2004
Posts: 657

Posted: Sat Jan 07, 2006 10:33 pm Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Good to see some "concrete" development actually taking place. Im glad their making it contemporary style cause i was afraid it would be another mughal overload design like lahore.

consultant
http://www.louisberger.com/index1.php?id=sectors

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piyya
Deactivated

Joined: 11 Nov 2005
Posts: 74

Posted: Sun Jan 08, 2006 4:13 am Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To AirBlue:

It is anticipated that the new facility will become operational by 2010.

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AirBlue
Registered Member

Joined: 18 Sep 2004
Posts: 3279
Location: Toronto, ON, Canada
Posted: Sun Jan 08, 2006 4:21 am Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

piyya that i understand, but is there a scaled model like the one we saw of DXB once on the forum, is that one made for the islamabad airport aswell? and one more thing for Abbas Bhai or anyone else who has an idea,

will this airport be ISB/OPRN ?
_________________

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piyya
Deactivated

Joined: 11 Nov 2005
Posts: 74

Posted: Sun Jan 08, 2006 6:54 am Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hi Airblue again,

u can request it from consltant...

Last edited by piyya on Sun Jan 08, 2006 7:15 am; edited 3 times in total

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atmalik
Registered Member

Joined: 11 Mar 2005
Posts: 1012
Location: USA
Posted: Mon Jan 09, 2006 4:57 am Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pardon my ignorance, but i still dont understand the concept of the greenfield airport. Abbas would you mind explaining it a little more. Maybe a little explanation in "salees Urdu"

Secondlly if they are going to build it wouldnt be more feasable to make two runways togather instead of leaving space for a second one to be made at a later time?

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2008-07-21T01:01:00.001-07:00

filled up my car's fuel tank, and I thought fuel has
become really expensive after the recent price hike.

But then I compared it with other common liquids and did
some quick calculations, and I felt a little better.

To know why, see the results below you'll be
surprised at how outrageous some other prices are ! !

Diesel (regular) : Rs.55 per litre

Petrol (speed) : Rs.76 per litre

Coca Cola 330 ml can : Rs.20 = Rs.61 per litre

Dettol antiseptic 100 ml Rs.20 = Rs.200 per litre

Radiator coolant 500 ml Rs.160 = Rs.320 per litre

Pantene conditioner 400 ml Rs.165 = Rs.413 per litre

Medicinal Mouthwash like Listerine 100 ml Rs.45 = Rs. 450
per litre

Red Bull 150 ml can : Rs.75 = Rs.500 per litre

Corex cough syrup 100 ml Rs.57 = Rs. 570 per litre

Evian water 500 ml Rs. 330 = Rs. 660 per litre

Rs. 660 for a litre of WATER !!

And the consumers don't even know the source (Evian
spelled backwards is Naive.)

Kores whiteout 15 ml Rs. 15 = Rs. 1000 per litre

Cup of coffee at any decent business hotel 100 ml Rs. 50 =
Rs. 500 per litre

Old Spice after shave lotion 100 ml Rs. 175 = Rs. 1750 per
litre

Pure almond oil 25 ml Rs. 68 = Rs. 2720 per litre

And this is the REAL KICKER...

HP DeskJet colour ink cartridge 21 ml Rs.1900 = Rs. 90476
per litre!!!

Now you know why computer printers are so cheap ? So they
have you hooked for the ink !

So, the next time you're at the pump, don't curse
anyone just be glad your car doesn't run on cough
syrup, after shave, coffee, or God forbid, printer ink!

2008-07-18T00:49:00.000-07:00

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Page 1
Border Force Operations Manual Categories of Passenger UK AncestryBorder Force Operations Manual 1United Kingdom AncestryContents1. Introduction2. Leave to enter on the basis of UK Ancestry2.1 Key points2.2 Granting leave to enter2.3 Statistical code2.4 Refusal of leave to enter2.5 On-entry refusal codes2.6 Rights of appeal and corresponding refusal forms3. Further guidance3.1 Adoption3.2 No switching
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Page 2
Border Force Operations Manual Categories of Passenger UK AncestryBorder Force Operations Manual 21. IntroductionUnder Paragraph 186 of HC 395, a Commonwealth citizen who is able to show thatone of his grandparents was born in the UK and Islands and who intends to take or seek employment here may be granted an entry clearance on the basis of his UK Ancestry. A person holding such an entry clearance will normally be admitted for an initial period of 5 years, and may apply for settlement at the end of that period. 2. Leave to enter on the basis of UK ancestryThe requirements to be met by a person seeking leave to enter on the basis of UKancestry are set out in Paragraph 186 of HC 395 and must be referred to when reading the following guidance. Paragraph 186 states that the person must: • be a Commonwealth citizen; and • be aged 17 or over; and • be able to provide proof that one of his grandparents was born in the UK and Islands and that any such grandparent is the applicant's bloodgrandparent or grandparent by reason of an adoption recognised by thelaws of the UK relating to adoption; and • be able to work and intends to take or seek employment in the UK; and • be able to maintain and accommodate himself and any dependants adequately without recourse to public funds; and• hold a valid UK entry clearance for entry in this capacity. 2.1 Key pointsThe main points on which the immigration officer should be satisfied are that: • the passenger holds a valid UK entry clearance on the basis of UK ancestry; and • there is no reason to believe that false representations were made inorder to obtain the entry clearance or that circumstances have changed since its issue. 2.2 Granting leave to enterPassengers who hold an entry clearance on the basis of UK ancestry should begranted leave to enter for 5 years on a Code 1. 2.3 Statistical codeUKG - UK ancestry Back to Top
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Page 3
Border Force Operations Manual Categories of Passenger UK AncestryBorder Force Operations Manual 32.4 Refusal of leave to enterA non-visa national seeking entry in this capacity without a valid UK entry clearanceissued for this purpose should normally be refused entry under Paragraph 188 of HC 395. A visa national seeking entry in this capacity without a valid UK entry clearanceissued for this purpose should be refused entry under Paragraph 320(5) of HC 395.See here for guidance in the ‘Refusal of Entry Clearance or Leave to Enter’ section.Where a passenger seeking entry in this capacity holds an entry clearance for thispurpose, refusal may only be considered under Paragraph 321A of HC 395. Seehere for further guidance in the ‘Cancellation of Entry Clearance or Leave to Enter’section. In the case of a person who is returning from a short absence abroad in a period for which he was previously given leave, reference must be made to the continuingleave section here, although refusal again may only be considered under Paragraph321A of HC 395. Where a person is the subject of an extant deportation order, any leave he has acquired previously will be invalidated and he should be refused leave to enter under Paragraph 320(2) of HC 395. However reference must be made to BCPI beforerefusing the passenger leave to enter. Where refusal is considered on grounds of national security, public policy, sensitiveinformation or where granting leave to enter may affect our relations with another country, a persons appeal rights and appropriate forms will vary from case to case.In all of these instances reference must be made to BCPI (and in national securitycases to the Security Casework Unit, 0208 760 8446) before deciding on the courseof action. Annex Y – provides examples of refusal formulae 2.5 On-entry refusal codesE4 Lack of required non-settlement entry clearance Z1 Other reasons 2.6 Rights of appeal and corresponding refusal formsWhere a person seeks entry in this capacity and is not in possession of the requisiteentry clearance there is no right of appeal against refusal of leave to enter. Theperson should be served with form IS 82A. Where a person holds a valid UK entry clearance for this purpose, they will usually be entitled to an in country right of appeal against refusal of leave to enter and shouldbe served with form IS 82C. Back to Top
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Page 4
Border Force Operations Manual Categories of Passenger UK AncestryBorder Force Operations Manual 4Where a person is the subject of a extant deportation order, any leave previously given to them is invalidated, they do not have a right of appeal before removal andtherefore should be served with form IS 82A. Where a person is subject to an exclusion order or where you wish to invite the Secretary of State to make an exclusion order the person should be served with form IS 82NC. Their appeal rights will be restricted to residual grounds. The case should be referred to the Special cases Policy Unit and BCPI before the decision is served on the person. Further guidance regarding appeals (and the 1stand 2ndstage refusal process) canbe found here. 3. Further guidanceApplicants must be able to demonstrate that the grandparent on whom the claim is based was born in the UK, Channel Islands, the Isle of Man or if the grandparent wasborn before 31 March 1922 in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Birth on a Britishregistered ship or aircraft is also to be included. An application from a person whose grandparent was born in any territory other thanthose listed above, including a former British colony or military base overseas wouldfall to be refused. Applicants must be related to the UK born grandparent by blood oradoption. A qualifying connection can be made through a legitimate or illegitimateline. 3.1 AdoptionAn applicant who has been adopted or whose parents were adopted can qualify if: • he has been adopted by someone who has a UK born parent; or • one of his parents was adopted by a person born in the UK; or • his natural grandparents were born in the UK. Note: there is no claim to UK ancestry through step-parents. 3.2 No switchingA person seeking leave to enter on the basis of UK ancestry must hold an entry clearance for that purpose. Leave to remain will only be granted if the personentered the UK holding an entry clearance based on their UK Ancestry or if they havepreviously been granted leave to remain on the basis of UK Ancestry. Since October 2004, a person cannot switch into this category after entry to the UK. Back to Top
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Border Force Operations Manual Categories of Passenger UK AncestryBorder Force Operations Manual 5

2008-07-18T00:31:00.000-07:00

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Essential info > Just arrived > Visas - Working in the UK - an overview
Visas - Working in the UK - an overview

For a list of our preferred visa agencies, click here.

Whether it's a work permit, British/EU passport, ancestry visa or student visa; there are many ways to live and work in the UK but all have very different criteria.

Work permits - sponsorship by an employer
A work permit enables you to work in the UK in the particular job and company for which you have been sponsored. If you wish to change jobs, you would need to get another work permit. A work permit can be issued for up to five years.

You will need to have a job offer that you are qualified for and capable of doing, though note that experience gained while on a WHV may not count towards this.

Your prospective employer must apply for this permit on your behalf, and they will need to show that they can't find a suitable person to do the job from within the EU or that the role is in a skills shortage area. The government fee for this visa is £190 (£200 from outside the UK), which should be paid by the employer. If your employer's application is approved, you will need to apply for Further Leave to Remain, which will cost you £750.

Further Leave to Remain
However, not everyone can apply for Further Leave to Remain. If you are not allowed to switch your status to work permit holder, you should not submit your passport to the Home Office. Most people who have WHV status need to return home once their work permit has been approved to obtain entry clearance/visa to return to the UK as a work permit holder. See www.workingintheuk.gov.uk.

British passports
The British passport, and the freedom to work wherever and whenever in the UK you want that comes with it (not to mention the opportunities it opens up for living in Europe), is not to be sneezed at. If you were born in the UK, the chances are pretty good that you can get one; likewise if your dad was born in the UK, and he was married to your mum (illegitimate children are only able to claim via their father if they were born after July 1, 2006), you'll also stand a good chance of being able to claim British citizenship. If you want to claim through a British-born mother, you can do this if you were born after January 1, 1983. If you were born before that, you will first need to register as a British citizen using Form UKM, then you should be able to apply for a passport. See www.passport.gov.uk.

Highly skilled visas
These are for people who can prove that they've got high-level skills, qualifications and work experience. They give you the right to work in any job in the UK.
For TNT's guide on applying for highly skilled visas, click here

Working holiday visas
Coming over to the UK for a working holiday is a rite of passage for many South Africans, New Zealanders and Australians. Unlike some other visa categories, you won't need to prove your work history or qualifications, however big changes are on the way for how these visas work. For TNT's guide on applying for working holiday visa, click here

Ancestry visas
An ancestry visa leaves you free to enter the UK and work without restrictions. It is usually valid for five years, and can be renewed as many times as you want. Commonwealth citizens aged 17 or over who have a grandparent born in the UK (or the Republic of Ireland before March 31, 1922), are eligible to apply. You will also need to show evidence that you intend to work in the UK.

You can't apply for an ancestry visa from within the UK, although extensions can be granted through the Home Office. Contact your nearest British High Commission. See www.britishhighcommission.gov.uk.

EU passports
Citizens of the EU member states, as well as those from Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein are free to come to the UK and work unrestricted. Those from new EU member states may, however, need to register their employment. If your parents were born in an EU country, you may be entitled to citizenship of that country. The country's embassy should be able to advise you on this.

Student visas
Student visas are available for those on approved courses (www.dfes.gov.uk/providersregister). Courses must be full-time (correspondence and evening courses do not count) and, unless you are on a degree course, you must intend to leave the UK when you have finished the course. If your course runs for six months or more, you may work for up to 20 hours a week.

Partnership visas
If you are married to, or are the civil or long-term partner of a British citizen or someone who is settled in the UK, you should be eligible for a visa off the back of their status. Visas of this type allow you to work in the UK without restrictions. Usually you will initially be allowed to stay for two years, and if you are still married or living together after that you can apply for Indefinite Leave To Remain (see below).

Who qualifies as a 'partner'?
To qualify as an unmarried, you must have been living together as if married for at least two years. You can use evidence such as bank accounts and household bills to the same address to prove this.

Getting married in the UK
Unless you are going to get married in a Church of England chapel or entered the UK with a visa permitting you to get married or enter a civil partnership, foreign citizens who wish to get married in the UK must obtain a Certificate of Approval (COA) if already in the UK. You can get a COA form from www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk/applying/applicationforms. You must have at least three months remaining on your visa to be approved. The application costs £295, and takes at least three weeks to be processed. Once you have the COA, you both need to give notice (see www.gro.gov.uk for a list of registry offices if you intend to marry at one). You have to do this at least 15 days before you intend to get married. Once your notice has been accepted, you may get hitched at any register office or other approved location, and will need to get married within one year.

If you are entering the UK for the purpose of getting married, you'll need to apply for a Fiancé(e) visa (see below). A fiancé(e) visa allows you to come to the UK to marry your partner. You will need to provide proof of your marriage plans, and document the history of your relationship with your application. If approved, you will be given six months to get married. You are not allowed to work until the marriage has taken place.

Settling in the UK
While you used to be able to apply for settlement (also known as Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) or permanent residence) after four years in the UK, a change in the law in April 2007 means you now have to have lived here for at least five years continuously on one of the visas that lead to residence (work permits, HSMP and Ancestry Visa). If you are in the UK on a marriage or partnership visa, you can apply for permanent residence after two years under this category.

No time spent on one visa can be used in conjunction with another visa to make up the required time to apply for ILR - except where you combine time on a Work Permit and time on a HSMP visa to make up the five years needed to apply for ILR.

Not all visas lead to ILR, however. Temporary visas, such as student, visitor and WHM visas will not lead to ILR, unless you spend 10 continuous years residing legally in the UK.

Applications should be made from within the UK, and usually take three weeks to be processed. You can send in your application as early as 28 days before you complete the five-year period, and as long as you send your application before your current visa expires, you can continue to stay in the UK on the conditions of that visa until your application is decided. The application fee is £750 (as with many visa fees, this increased in April 2007).

Also from April 2007, applicants for indefinite leave to remain are required to provide evidence of meeting the new Knowledge of Language and Life in the UK requirements. See www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk.

If you are granted ILR, you are expected to live in the UK. Spend more than two years outside the UK and it may be cancelled.

Once you have been living in the UK as a permanent resident for 12 months, you can apply to become a citizen. Applying for naturalisation costs £575. To be eligible, you have to intend to make your permanent home in the UK, and have been living here legally for at least five years (with no more than 450 days outside the UK in that time, and no more than 90 days in the past 12 months). The spouse or partner of a British citizen may apply for naturalisation after living in the UK for three years (having not been out of the UK for more than 270 days over those three years, and no more than 90 days in the final 12 months). Partners and spouses must have ILR to apply, though there is no minimum period for which they need to have had this.

Renewing your ancestry visa

James*, 28, from Auckland, is in the UK on an ancestry visa.

"I first came to the UK four years ago on an ancestry visa courtesy of my Scottish grandmother. I was keen on sticking around until I got indefinite leave to remain, and with the new rules that came in April (2006), this meant I had to get my ancestry visa extended earlier this year.

The process was pretty easy, I just mailed my application, passport, cheque and all other requirements to the Home Office and they sent back the stamped passport. If I'd had to renew it, there would be the hassle of going home, but I
just needed to extend it by one year so I was able to do it here.

It probably took about six weeks or so, but you should call them to chase up and to make sure they have received it. The easier thing would be to go to the Home Office so you're not without your passport."

*Name changed upon request

For a list of TNT's preferred visa companies click here

Updated 2007

More just arrived information
· Dossing Rules
· Where to stay in London
· Visas - Working in the UK - new rules
· Nothing to declare?
· Visas - Useful links
· Visas - Partners and kids - Going home
· Visas - Working in the UK - an overview
· Visas - Highly Skilled Migrant
· Visas - Working Holidaymaker Visa
· Visas - Schengen visas
· Easy guide to the NHS
· Useful numbers
· Where to shop for what
· Going out/nightlife
· Postcodes explained
· Voting overseas
· Pensions
· Tax and rebates
· Social security
· Forming a limited company
· Rates of pay
· Meeting people
· Doctors and health
· How to save money on phonecalls
· Getting an NI number
· Finding a job
· Opening a bank account
· Internet access
· Getting around London

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Friday, July 18, 2008

2008-07-17T23:33:00.000-07:00

This one is strictly for the men who read. It’s time you had a man to man talk with the guys around you. The ones who don’t read, can’t read, won’t read. At least not this column in this paper. Or they would not need the talk.

All right, let me make myself clear. I was in the mother of all traffic jams today, waiting for a cool (not really) 30 minutes to do a stretch of road that should take 3 minutes to cover. Not pleasant on the nerves. My window is rolled down because I am a conservationist at heart. I save fuel on not so hot days like today by switching off the car engine and the air con dies too, of course.

Well, the man in the contract bus next to me sticks his head out of his high window and sends out a stream of rich red paan juice. I see red. Literally. And I shout to him, Hey! I say; it’s a term he will find familiar and react. He does not. The glass on his window prevents him from connecting the sound to me sitting in the car below. I pull up a little more, and shout again. He looks down. Why did you spit? I ask. It’s against the law, and dirty.

His mouth is full again. So all he can do is stare at me, impervious. If he is ashamed, he hides it well. A centimetre or two of progress and I encounter spitter number two.
Looking distantly out of his Santro while he sends his missile out of a window he furtively rolls down and rolls up again. God bless automatic windows, they go back up in the blink of an eye. And I cannot even be heard by him, as his music system chatters on.

That is one kind of guy I want you to talk to. To tell them that spitting went out with the cobras, and humans are engineered to be able to swallow their saliva, and if they chew tobacco, it’s all more the reason to swallow the stuff, because that’s what they deserve.

2008-07-17T23:32:00.000-07:00

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Jul 12th 2008, 3:07 pm #1
Dis-Illusionist
Member

Joined: Jul 2008
Posts: 13

Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hello All,

My wife and i hoping to emigrate to Canada. I would just like some questions answered before i complete the PR application.

1. Who should we put down as Principal Applicant. My wife has an Aunt and Uncle in Vancouver but we're looking to move to Ontario. Does having an Aunt or Uncle speed the application process up?
I work as an Accountant (Degree and Prof status-ACCA) and my wife is an English Teacher (with a degree and PGCE plus 8yrs Experience) teaching 11-18year olds. Is it better that I put myself down as Principal Applicant because my Profession appears on the Ontario - Occupations under pressure list?

Does my profession being on this list speed the Visa application process up and is the Skilled Worker route the best option for us? Does having relatives in Canada speed the process up (assuming that they are Aunts/Uncles/Cousins and not parents/grandparents)?

2. I realise that my wife will have a difficult time finding a job because of there being no shortage of teachers. I understand that she must first get Accredited by the province. Is this just her qualifications being looked at or does it involve her taking further exams/studying/courses? Can this be done before she arrives in Canada or is it a process that can only be started once we land. Does anyone know how long this process takes?

3. Also,does anyone know how long the application process takes from when the embassy receives the forms? I've read mixed durations on this forum. Some say it takes up to 5yrs whereas many are saying that it takes 2-3years. It is important we get a better idea of time frames so we can factor in the effect of school changes for our kids (eldest turns 7 this month).

4. I have a friend who is also considering moving with his wife and kid. They haven't any qualifications but are very 'cash rich' as they used to own a business here in the UK. They are looking to re-train in Canada in either Admin Jobs or something similar. They don't really need to work but would do so just to fill there time. What kind of application would they need to make, how long would that take and what are their chances of getting approved?

Your responses will be greatly appreciated.

Thanks

Indy.

Dis-Illusionist
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Find More Posts by Dis-Illusionist

Jul 12th 2008, 3:48 pm #2
Judy in Calgary
En route to Victoria, BC

Premium Member

Joined: Feb 2005
Location: Canada
Posts: 5,936

Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hello, Indy, and welcome to the BE forum.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
1. Who should we put down as Principal Applicant.

If I were you, I would do nothing. I would put no one down as the principal applicant, and I would not submit an application. Everything is on hold. There have been recent legislative changes. Citizenship and Immigration (CIC) is not doing anything with applications that are being submitted now. While the Department's staff are waiting for instructions from the Minister, they're in a holding pattern. Please read the Wiki article called Quick Guide to Canadian Immigration for a few more details. When you eventually do submit an application, you should be the principal applicant. Under the new rules I'd venture to guess that an application from a teacher will be rejected without being processed.

Quote:
My wife has an Aunt and Uncle in Vancouver but we're looking to move to Ontario. Does having an Aunt or Uncle speed the application process up?

Having an aunt or uncle does not speed up the application process, but it will earn you 5 points.

Quote:
I work as an Accountant (Degree and Prof status-ACCA) and my wife is an English Teacher (with a degree and PGCE plus 8yrs Experience) teaching 11-18year olds. Is it better that I put myself down as Principal Applicant because my Profession appears on the Ontario - Occupations under pressure list?

Yes, as I mentioned above, you should be the principal applicant.

Quote:
Does my profession being on this list speed the Visa application process up

I don't know if it will speed up the processing of your application or not. It may make the difference between your application being accepted or rejected out of hand.

Quote:
is the Skilled Worker route the best option for us?

I don't know if a skilled worker application that is not backed up by pre-arranged employment will be the best option. I don't know what ranking the Minister of CIC will accord to accounting when she provides her instructions to her Department. My take on it is that, while accountants are in demand in some provinces, they are not in red hot demand in the way that engineers and electricians are in Alberta, for example.

My gut feeling is that you would be better off getting a job offer and then getting a temporary work permit (which you later can upgrade to a permanent residence visa via the fast track process) or possibly applying for permanent residence via one of the Provincial Nominee Programs.

But I want to challenge your assertion that accountants are listed as an Occupation under Pressure in Ontario. I see only financial and investment analysts and some managerial positions finance, banking, etc. It is extremely difficult for foreigners to break into management in Canada, even when an occupation is listed as being under pressure. Things have to be really desperate before a company will give a managerial position to a foreigner. My sense is that things are not that desperate in the accounting field in Canada.

You need to identify your occupation by its Code Number in the National Occupational Classification. For example, here is the NOC page for 1111 - Financial Auditors and Accountants. If that's what you're going to call yourself, the duties you have performed in your job(s) must be consistent with the majority of duties described there.

Quote:
Does having relatives in Canada speed the process up (assuming that they are Aunts/Uncles/Cousins and not parents/grandparents)?

It gives you points but not speed.

Quote:
2. I realise that my wife will have a difficult time finding a job because of there being no shortage of teachers. I understand that she must first get Accredited by the province. Is this just her qualifications being looked at or does it involve her taking further exams/studying/courses? Can this be done before she arrives in Canada or is it a process that can only be started once we land. Does anyone know how long this process takes?

My understanding is that she has to be a permanent resident of Canada before the relevant provincial body will assess her credentials. My understanding is that this will take some months. Then she'll most likely have to work as a supply teacher for a couple of years to get her toe in the door. Since each province has its own regulatory body for teachers and since your wife in any case will need to be a PR before she gets her credentials assessed, there's no point in even looking into it until you're reasonably certain of the province to which you'll move. In the normal course of events the provincial regulatory body would accept your wife's credentials if she has a teaching degree. See the Wiki article called Teaching in Canada.

Quote:
3. Also,does anyone know how long the application process takes from when the embassy receives the forms? I've read mixed durations on this forum. Some say it takes up to 5yrs whereas many are saying that it takes 2-3years.

They are saying that, if you're in a high demand occupation, it'll take a year or so (once the new system is implemented). If you're in a low demand occupation, your application will be rejected. If you're in a high demand occupation, but the quota for that occupation has been used up for that year, your application will be thrown back in the pile until the following year. I'm talking here about skilled worker applications that are not backed up by pre-arranged employment.

The best way to get rid of the uncertainty is to get a job offer and enter Canada on a temporary work permit, then later upgrade to PR status.

Quote:
It is important we get a better idea of time frames so we can factor in the effect of school changes for our kids (eldest turns 7 this month).

I don't see what bearing that has on things. The English education system is a year or so ahead of the Canadian system. It usually is easy for English children to slot into the Canadian system. It's only when kids reach GCSEs that the decisions start to get a bit more complicated, and your kids are a long way from that stage. There are eighteen articles about Canadian schooling in the Education-Canada section of the Wiki.

Quote:
4. I have a friend who is also considering moving with his wife and kid. They haven't any qualifications but are very 'cash rich' as they used to own a business here in the UK. They are looking to re-train in Canada in either Admin Jobs or something similar. They don't really need to work but would do so just to fill there time. What kind of application would they need to make, how long would that take and what are their chances of getting approved?

It will be tricky for your friends to get into Canada. I suggest they retain the services of an immigration consultant. This is not a course of action that I often advocate. However, as I said, it'll be tricky for them to get in and, if their net worth is high they can afford professional assistance (which is not cheap).

Besides that, I hate answering questions that have been posed on behalf of third parties. There are always clarifying questions that one needs to ask, and then the original poster has to go back to his/her friend/relative, get the clarification, come back here and provide the clarification, and so on. It gets messy. The best thing is for your friends to come here and ask the questions on their own behalf.

On your own behalf, you should read the Wiki article called Quick Job Hunting Instructions-Canada.

Hope that has helped.
x
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Jul 12th 2008, 4:05 pm #3
JonboyE
Senior Member

Joined: Jul 2007
Location: White Rock BC
Posts: 1,572

Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
I work as an Accountant (Degree and Prof status-ACCA) ...

All senior level accounting jobs in Canada will specify CA/CGA (or possibly CA/CGA/CMA) as a minimum requirement. ACCA and CGA have a mutual recognition agreement in force at the moment and after passing a short course in Canadian tax and law (and paying the membership fees) you can acquire the CGA designation.

If you are contacting public companies your ACCA designation, and in particular knowledge of IFRS, will be an advantage as it's a hot topic here at the moment.

I would do this straight away. As Judy has explained in great detail above, if you want to get into Canada anytime soon you need to get a job here. A Canadian accounting designation will make that much, much easier.
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Jul 12th 2008, 6:48 pm #4
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Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Firstly Judy, can I thank you for the information you provided, most helpful.

I think I should apologise for asking that question on behalf of my friend. "Hate" is a strong word to use and the tone of your reply sounds like it really ticked you off.

Thats the last thing i want as i have read you're helpful suggestions on other threads and your an asset to the site.

I had a look at the 'Occupations Under Pressure List' for Ontario as we were hoping to move to Toronto. The code on the list was 0111 and when i checked that against the list in the 'Matrix' on the cic website it had Accountant listed with the same code. Have I read this wrong? The duties listed for Financial Auditors and Accountant match what I do.

For me to be able to work on TWP would the prospective employer need to have advertised the position Nationally for 3months first (LMO??).

Would you say that my application would get rejected if i try and go the normal route of getting PR first?

JonboyE

Thanks for the reply. Do you know if i can do CGA on-line from here in the UK and then sit the exams in Canada. Its unlikely that i would get TWP if companies are looking for CGA's and i can only study CGA while resident in Canada. Reading other threads i got the impression that i would have to take short term contracts first so that i can get the 'Canadian Experience' and only then get back to the same level i am here. (p.s. what is the 'Canadian Experience'?)

JonBoy, are you an Accountant from UK, if so, how did find your job hunting experience?

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Jul 12th 2008, 7:20 pm #5
JonboyE
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Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
JonboyE

Thanks for the reply. Do you know if i can do CGA on-line from here in the UK and then sit the exams in Canada. Its unlikely that i would get TWP if companies are looking for CGA's and i can only study CGA while resident in Canada. Reading other threads i got the impression that i would have to take short term contracts first so that i can get the 'Canadian Experience' and only then get back to the same level i am here. (p.s. what is the 'Canadian Experience'?)

JonBoy, are you an Accountant from UK, if so, how did find your job hunting experience?

My job hunting experience is in one of the wikis. Here it is.

When I arrived there was no mutual recognition between the ACCA and the CGA. They made me take virtually all the courses (and not just allow me to challenge the exams). These days, all a CGA has to do to get an ACCA designation is to take an on-line course and pay the fees. The course takes about 15 hours to complete and costs $200.00. I can do it from my desk here so no need to go to the UK. I am pretty sure the same will apply to you.

There is some information from the CGA-BC website here.

On December 18, 2006, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and CGA-Canada announced a Mutual Recognition Agreement. The agreement provides a mechanism for members to become designated by the other association.

Central to the agreement is the requirement that, in order to gain membership of each body, members of both bodies must successfully complete an overview course in Canadian/UK tax and law, approved by both ACCA and CGA-Canada. The CGA-Canada course is now available online, thereby allowing ACCA members to commence the application process to become members of CGA-Canada.

Please note that:

* members of both bodies who apply under the terms of this agreement will be required to maintain membership of their original designation
* the MRA does not convey practice rights; members of both bodies wishing to obtain a practising certificate for general public practice or audit work from either ACCA or CGA-Canada will have to meet the additional requirements specified by each body.

To find out more, ACCA members should log in to myACCA. Login to myACCA to access CGA-Canada CPD resources
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Jul 12th 2008, 8:06 pm #6
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Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for the reply Jon.

I had a read of the links and from what i've read it's hard work but 'doable'.

I hope you don't mind my next question....I've read a few threads that hint that getting a job could be more difficult if your face doesn't fit.

I am an Indian, born and educated in the UK as is my wife. Although I have faced racism many times (overt and covert) I would hate to think that my children would have to go through the same thing. In your opinion Jon, and especially being in the accounting profession, is there any merit to that comment.

Many of the disgruntled immigrant stories i've read never break it down to whether they were British (ie spoke English fluently with a UK accent), or whether it was a simple case of them being difficult to understand because of their strong accents which worked against them or whether it was the colour of their skin.

I do not want to put any one on the spot its just that if i'm seriously considering emigrating, i have to ask the question because no 2 week reccie trip will give me this knowledge.

Regards,

Indy.

ps. how well is this CGA Accountancy body regarded?

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Jul 12th 2008, 8:07 pm #7
Judy in Calgary
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Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
I think I should apologise for asking that question on behalf of my friend. "Hate" is a strong word to use and the tone of your reply sounds like it really ticked you off.

Sorry, I didn't intend to be rude. It's just that I've been caught up in those third party discussions before, where the original poster has gone off and asked his friend for clarification, come back with the clarification, but then more clarification has been required, and so on. It has felt frustrating on occasion.

Quote:
I had a look at the 'Occupations Under Pressure List' for Ontario as we were hoping to move to Toronto. The code on the list was 0111 and when i checked that against the list in the 'Matrix' on the cic website it had Accountant listed with the same code. Have I read this wrong? The duties listed for Financial Auditors and Accountant match what I do.

I think we may be talking at cross purposes.

The National Occupational Classification Matrix uses the first three digits of an occupation's NOC code. Auditors, Accountants and Investment Professionals share the first three digits of 111. The NOC Matrix tells us that they belong to Skill Level A. The people who belong to this skill level, along with those in Skill Levels 0 and B, are eligible to apply for permanent residence via the skilled worker route.

With the new legislation, belonging to Skill Level 0, A or B -- on its own -- is not going to be enough. Still, it's a prerequisite for a skilled worker application.

But I digress. Back to the National Occupational Classification. If you go to the NOC itself and do a search for 111, you find that there are four occupations that start with these first three digits:

1111 Financial Auditors and Accountants

1112 Financial and Investment Analysts

1113 Securities Agents, Investment Dealers and Brokers

1114 Other Financial Officers
The list of Occupations under Pressure in Ontario includes 0111 Financial Managers.

0111 Financial Managers are a different NOC Code from 1111 Financial Auditors and Accountants.

Quote:
For me to be able to work on TWP would the prospective employer need to have advertised the position Nationally for 3months first (LMO??).

Yes, that is the case if your occupation is not on the Occupations under Pressure (OUP) list for the relevant province.

If your occupation is on the OUP list for the relevant province, the required advertising time is reduced to 7 days.

Quote:
Would you say that my application would get rejected if i try and go the normal route of getting PR first?

I think it would be a good idea to wait and see the lists of occupations that the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Canada will publish.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada are doing nothing with the skilled worker applications that they're receiving right now. They're accumulating them in a pile, because they're waiting for instructions from the Minister.

Quote:
Reading other threads i got the impression that i would have to take short term contracts first so that i can get the 'Canadian Experience' and only then get back to the same level i am here. (p.s. what is the 'Canadian Experience'?)

I don't know the sense in which you're using "Canadian experience." There's the ordinary English meaning, and then there are meanings that are specific to professions and specific to immigration.

Canadian experience as the term relates to immigration - I don't know much about this. I think it's for foreign students who have graduated from Canadian universities. See more about it in the discussion thread entitled *** Canadian Experience Class update ***.

Canadian experience as the term relates to professions - Some professions require foreigners to obtain relevant work experience in Canada before they'll admit them to their association. Various provincial engineering associations, for example, typically require a degreed engineer from the UK to have a year's work experience in Canada, under the supervision of a current Professional Engineer, before they'll admit the applicant to their provincial association for Professional Engineers. From what JonboyE said, I did not get the impression you would need Canadian experience in order to qualify as a CGA.

Canadian experience in the every day sense of the word - Whenever the economy in a specific region of Canada is in a slump, or even chugging along normally for that matter, employers give preference to job candidates who have Canadian work experience over those who don't. I don't think it's necessarily a conscious prejudice. It's just that people like to hire "people like us." There's also a subconscious feeling that the foreigner has to have paid his/her dues (survived a few Canadian winters and that kind of thing). But, when the economy is booming and there are labour shortages in a specific region, the requirement for "Canadian experience" goes out the window. I've witnessed this myself. Calgary employers used to be notorious for invoking the need for Canadian experience. But then, about four years ago, they were hit by an oil boom, and it got to the point where labour shortages were so accute that employers were grateful to find a human being with a pulse. All of a sudden they forgot that job candidates needed Canadian experience.
Hope that helps.
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Jul 12th 2008, 9:11 pm #8
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Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for clearing that up Judy.

On the face of it, it doesn't look as if we'd be granted a visa.

1. Neither my job or my wifes are on the OUP list.

2. There's very little chance of me getting a TWP because the likelihood of a job not being filled after 3mths of advertising in a profession where there is no shortage of applicants is unlikely.

3. My job doesn't appear on the PNP list so that's not an option.

Even knowing the above, i'd still be interested knowing when these new rules will be coming out and which website i should keep checking for up to date info.

Thanks for your help Judy. Just have to break it to the missus that it doesn't look as if we're going to be able to ship off to Canada.

p.s. I would like to hear from anyone who's managed to get a Visa and doesn't fall into any of the categories above.

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Jul 12th 2008, 9:22 pm #9
Judy in Calgary
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Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
I am an Indian, born and educated in the UK as is my wife. Although I have faced racism many times (overt and covert) I would hate to think that my children would have to go through the same thing. In your opinion Jon, and especially being in the accounting profession, is there any merit to that comment.

That adds another dimension.

It's difficult to answer your question.

I've never lived in the UK, so it's impossible for me to compare.

Also, I'm not Indian, so cannot speak from personal experience.

Everything I've read suggests that Canadians of East Indian ancestry generally are more thoroughly integrated into mainstream Canadian society than is the case in the UK. (Canadians use the term East Indian to distinguish between people of Indian ancestry and First Nations people who also are called Indian.)

I personally thought the atmosphere in my kids' schools in Calgary was very tolerant, and I have found the atmosphere very tolerant in the places in which I've worked. People of Chinese ancestry have brought treats to share with everyone for Chinese New Year, people of East Indian ancestry have brought treats to share with everyone for Diwali, everyone (whether Irish or not) has celebrated St Patrick's Day, and on and on.

People in the places in which I've worked also have been sensitive about cultural differences. I remember a Chilean man talking with his hands and a woman from Southeast Asia (Thailand if I remember correctly) interpreting that as finger wagging, which she found rude. As soon as the Chilean man realized that he had offended her, he apologized, said that he had not meant anything by it, and would try not to talk with his hands when he was communicating with her.

Once you're in a job, things are pretty good (on the whole), in my experience. But, all other things being equal, I think it is a more difficult to get your toe in the door if you're an immigrant and a person of colour.

Everything I said before is true, I believe. That is, it depends on the state of the economy in a given region. If there is an economic downturn, Canadians and established immigrants subconsciously circle the wagons and save the opportunities for their own. If the economy in a given region is booming, they're more open to letting others in. This is applicable to everyone. But, from what I saw in Calgary before this current boom, immigrants from Asia, Latin America, etc., experienced an extra notch of difficulty when it came to finding their first job in Canada.

In that sense, I think the new legislation is kinder towards immigrants. It has created a much more direct link between employability and entry into Canada. When I was new to this forum, there were a number of members who had got into Canada on skilled worker visas (at a time when all they'd needed was enough points for education, etc.). Several of them had a terrible time landing jobs. A few of them threw up their hands in despair and returned to the UK. And, remember, they were British immigrants, not immigrants from Asia, Latin America, etc.

So to distill my thoughts on your question. I believe Canada would be a good destination for you. I think you would find it a good country in which to live. I think you would find the atmosphere in schools, workplaces, etc., to be tolerant. But don't expect that you'll receive perfect treatment, because I don't believe you will. I believe you'll encounter the occasional person who will behave in an ignorant manner. If your kids are like my kids' East Indian friends and classmates (mid twenties), they'll speak with Canadian accents, they'll have degrees from Canadian universities, and people will think of them as Canadian. I believe that that generation will be assimilated.

My other tip would be to cast your net more widely than Toronto, if you can bring yourself to do that. 1111 is an Occupation under Pressure in Alberta and British Columbia. I personally like Vancouver a lot, and there are people who like Calgary and Edmonton.

Oh, I've just previewed my post and have seen that, in the interim, you've asked a question about how you can get into Canada. Well, my tip above speaks to that. As I said, 1111 is on the OUP lists for Alberta and BC.

Another thing you might consider is Manitoba's PNP. According to seanyg, who has just done a recce trip to Winnipeg, you don't need pre-arranged employment for Manitoba's PNP.

If you have the resources, you also could consider the Nova Scotia Community Identified Stream.

If you won't budge from your idea of moving to Toronto, I think it will be very difficult for you to gain entry to Canada.

Hope that helps.
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Jul 12th 2008, 9:46 pm #10
JonboyE
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Re: Immigration questions.....

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
Thanks for the reply Jon.

I had a read of the links and from what i've read it's hard work but 'doable'.

I hope you don't mind my next question....I've read a few threads that hint that getting a job could be more difficult if your face doesn't fit.

I am an Indian, born and educated in the UK as is my wife. Although I have faced racism many times (overt and covert) I would hate to think that my children would have to go through the same thing. In your opinion Jon, and especially being in the accounting profession, is there any merit to that comment.

Many of the disgruntled immigrant stories i've read never break it down to whether they were British (ie spoke English fluently with a UK accent), or whether it was a simple case of them being difficult to understand because of their strong accents which worked against them or whether it was the colour of their skin.

I do not want to put any one on the spot its just that if i'm seriously considering emigrating, i have to ask the question because no 2 week reccie trip will give me this knowledge.

Regards,

Indy.

ps. how well is this CGA Accountancy body regarded?

I don't mind your question at all. I am a white, Anglo-Saxon guy. My wife isn't. The overt and covert racism in the UK (which she seemed to cope with much better than I did) is one of the reasons we are here now.

I live just outside Vancouver, which as you probably know, is a large cosmopolitan, multi-cultural city. I think the population breakdown here is something like 40% white, 35% Asian, 20% South Asian and 5% Latino. These are just some figures I seem to recall from somewhere but I guess they are about right. I have to caution you that small town Canada may not be the same as the major cities.

In Vancouver, racism is far, far less of an issue than it is in the UK. Mrs. JonboyE says she has not experienced it at all in the 9 + years we have lived here. Other people with non-white skins say that racial prejudice is still about, so I guess it is. While people are still people, the overt racism so common in Europe is just not accepted here. I can't promise that you won't experience racism, but I can tell you that you are much less likely to.

Communication, however, is really important. An inability to make yourself understood in verbal or written communication will be a real hindrance to getting a job or advancing in a career. A very strong accent will be a problem, much more so than the colour of your skin.

I believe many of the professions in BC will be dominated by first and second generation immigrants of all hues in ten to fifteen years time.

The accounting profession in Canada is regulated by three independent bodies just like the UK. The Chartered Accountants like to think they are the senior service (and before the adoption of IFRS their handbook was the primary source of Canadian GAAP) and the Certified General Accountants have a similar place to the ACCA in UK - members work both in public practice and industry. The Management Accountants are becoming more accepted as equivalent professionals outside public practice.

The CGA like to quote a survey that was done in BC in 2006 where Certified General Accountants were voted as the most trusted professionals in the Province. My opinion is that your designation is like your degree. They open doors, and without one your career can stall. However, once you have them no one gives a damn and it's all about how good you are at your job.
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Jul 12th 2008, 9:51 pm #11
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Re: Immigration questions.....

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Quote:
Originally Posted by Judy in Calgary
As I said, 1111 is on the OUP lists for Alberta and BC.

And accountants are eligible for BC's PNP.
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Jul 12th 2008, 10:46 pm #12
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Re: Immigration questions.....

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I appreciate the honesty in your reply Judy.
From what you've said it's not really an issue especially when i compare it to the UK.

My wife and I are quite sociable and like to think that we'd get on with everyone (because we do here!) and although 'Tolerant' isn't a word that i would use as it implies that a person is simply 'putting up' with someone else's differences, physical or otherwise i do appreciate you clarity on the subject.

Given your positive comments it makes me think that it would be stupid for us not make every conceivable effort to make it to Canada. We will look into your suggestions about applying to live in other provinces.

One question, what stops a person applying to a province where there is a shortage of a profession, obtaining PR, and then moving to where they wish to be when they've obtained PR status?

Advice on this would be appreciated

JonboyE

I appreciate your post John. I actually looked into moving to Vancouver first but some of the crime related issues put me off. I know that there are East Indian gangs peddling drugs and me being of the same ancestry put me off going there. I've grown up being told to work hard for what you want and to be honest (most times! ) in what you do and i want my kids to grow up with the same values. Last thing i want is them growing up thinking this kind of thing is acceptable because they're able to get away with it. I'd be embarrassed to be associated with it because that's not the way we are in the UK.

On a lighter note my communication skills are second to none (even when i'm drunk even though i may not remember much the next day). The bulk of my work over the last 18mths has really been related to our Building Society (Credit Union apparently!) gaining Basel II status which has a lot to do with credit risk modeling, ie Monte Carlo Simulations. Although this is world wide, not all Financial Institutions have to apply it. Although I'm ACCA qualified my bread and butter job is as Management Accountant which no doubt you'll be familiar with so i'm hoping i should be alright regarding my ability to do work in any industry under the same title.

Not really familiar with IFRS rules as we normally refer to a book given to us by our auditors if we decide to treat our accounting methods differently otherwise we simply follow the same process we did the previous year when it comes to completing stat accounts.

What's the jobs prospects like in Vancouver for Accountants John?

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Jul 12th 2008, 11:05 pm #13
Judy in Calgary
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Re: Immigration questions.....

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Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
One question, what stops a person applying to a province where there is a shortage of a profession, obtaining PR, and then moving to where they wish to be when they've obtained PR status?

If you get PR via one of the PNPs, you usually have to sign an undertaking that you'll stay in the provinc that sponsored you for X length of time.

If you get PR via the skilled worker route, there are no legal impediments to moving within Canada.

In practical terms, it might be difficult to up sticks and move to another province right away. When you start job hunting in that other province, prospective employers will notice that you've been in Canada for X months and already want to move. That might make you look like a rolling stone in the eyes of some.

Also, it's common for Canadian employers to phone your references (people with whom you work or have worked in the past). The more senior you are, the more thoroughly they check. For management positions it's typical for them to phone peope who have worked above you, in parallel with you and below you. They want to avoid hiring people who "suck up and kick down," as the saying goes, so they want to find out what it's like for people at all levels of the organization to deal with you.

My point is that the people in your first job in Canada will become part of your "network," which is an important element of your next job hunting effort.

Another thing to consider is that you may actually like the first place to which you move in Canada. You just never know.
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Jul 12th 2008, 11:56 pm #14
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Re: Immigration questions.....

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Hi Judy,

I may have read this wrong but would my wife (Teacher) be OUP for BC?

Also, would i be amongst that list for BC as well?

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Jul 13th 2008, 12:20 am #15
Judy in Calgary
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Re: Immigration questions.....

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Quote:
Originally Posted by Dis-Illusionist
I may have read this wrong but would my wife (Teacher) be OUP for BC?

Also, would i be amongst that list for BC as well?

As an accountant, you're on the OUP list for BC.

When it comes to your wife, she's in a Catch 22 situation. Yes, elementary school teachers are listed as an OUP in BC. But, if you look through the bumph on the website of BC College of Teachers, the body that certifies teachers in BC, you'll find that you have to be a Canadian citizen, permanent resident or temporary work permit holder before they'll certify you.

If your wife gets a spousal open work permit on the basis of your temporary work permit (TWP), I think she'll be okay. But I don't believe she'd be able to apply for a job as a teacher in BC and use such a job offer as the basis for a TWP application. The reason is that BCCT wouldn't certify her until she already had a TWP in hand.

As far as I know, Vancouver is not really short of teachers. It's the small, remote communities in BC that are short of teachers.

Still, the situation is not entirely hopeless.
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R9 910.00 plus R4 270.00 approximate airport taxes. INCLUDING : Flight in economy class on the services of Thai Airways JNB / Bangkok / Phuket // Krabi ... Johannesburg 12/07/2008
Mchanga Beach Lodge Zanzibar

For: TOTAL PRICE PER PERSON R10 950.00 We INCLUDE the following: Return economy airfare with 1Time from Johannesburg to Zanzibar Airport ... Johannesburg 12/07/2008
Las Vegas

R 17,614-00 per person Return flights to Las Vegas on Delta Return airport to hotel transfers 6 nights accommodation at the Circus Circus Hotel in Vegas 2 day Las Vegas Power Pass with free ... Johannesburg 12/07/2008
14 Nights Christmas & New Years Special in Livigno

Hotel Grade Superior Tourist Return transfers between Malpensa Airport Milan and Livigno 14 nights accommodation in a Studio Apartment A Welcome Dinner Bum boarding and Ski Disking Ski ... Johannesburg 12/07/2008
Sydney and Perth

R14,590-00 per person HOTEL/S: Sullivans Hotel - Perth Sullivans Hotel - Sydney INCLUDES : Return economy class flights on South African ... Johannesburg 12/07/2008
Walt Disney World All Stars Resort

R17,590-00 per person sharing INCLUDES : Return economy class flights on Delta Johannesburg / Atlanta / Orlando / Atlanta / Johannesburg Complimentary "Magic Express" ... Johannesburg 12/07/2008
Mauritius

Mont Choisy Hotel Return economy air fare Johannesburg/ Mauritius/ Johannesburg. 7 Nights accommodation on a twin sharing basis. Breakfast and dinner daily. Airport/ Hotel/ Airport ... Johannesburg 12/07/2008
Corporate and Leisure Travel

Sick and tired of struggling with flights and accommodation and other travel arrangements? Let us take care of all your Corporate and Leisure Travel. We are a professional company who specialise in ... Johannesburg 11/07/2008
Norway

A special tour to enjoy the autumn colours and to avoid the midsummer rush. Escorted by a South African Norwegian speaking guide. Tour designed for culturally over 50's. Includes excursions, ... Johannesburg 11/07/2008
German Grand Prix 2008

Includes: Economy return flights Johannesburg - Frankfurt - Johannesburg. 4 Days/ 3 Nights accommodation in a superior 3* Hotel. Breakfast daily. All service charges and Hotel ... Johannesburg 11/07/2008
Zanzibar Specials

We INCLUDE the following: Return economy airfare with 1Time from Johannesburg to Zanzibar Airport INCLUDING SA airport taxes on your ticket Meet and greet at ... Johannesburg 11/07/2008
Working Holiday Visa to the UK

NEW UK VISA LAWS There is a strong possibility that South African citizens will not be able to get a working holiday visa due to new UK visa laws from the end of ... Johannesburg 10/07/2008
Project Management Course

Do you wish to do a Project Management Course . Our course is run as a 5 day course (Monday to Friday from 8:45am to 4pm) at our training centre in Greenpoint, Cape Town. ... Other 10/07/2008
CCNA Training

Would you like to do a Cisco CCNA course. Our next course dates are on the 21st of July at training centre is in Greenpoint, Cape Town. Bookings is essentials. ... Other 10/07/2008
Melville Info

For all information about Melville, including Melville restaurants, Melville nightlife, Melville accommodation, Melville shops, see the Melville Community ritius Apartments

Accommodation for 2 persons Only 2 minutes from the beach
www.mauritiustogo.com
Guest House South Africa

Awesome views over Cape Town Great for holiday, business or golf
www.hilltopcape.co.za

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2008-07-17T03:47:00.000-07:00

Poetry
Li Po
701--762 A.D.
Also Romanised Li Pai, Li T'ai-po, Li Bai, et cetera.
About Tu Fu
Alchemy and Li Po from Waley's book on the poet.
Autumn River Song
Chiang Chin Chiu (the famous ``Song before Drinking'')
Clearing at Dawn
Confessional
Drinking Alone
Listening to a Flute in Yellow Crane Pavillion
Mountain Drinking Song
On Dragon Hill
Resentment Near the Jade Stairs
Self-Abandonment
She Spins Silk
Song of the Forge
Summer in the Mountains
To Tan-Ch'iu
To Tu Fu from Shantung
Waterfall at Lu-shan
Versions by Ezra Pound, which are (to put it as politely as possible) questionable translations but vintage Pound:
Jewel Stairs' Grievance
The River-Merchant's Wife
Taking Leave of a Friend

2008-07-17T03:39:00.000-07:00

RECENT BOOKS BY LEVITY AUTHORS:
Gary Gach's: The Complete Idiot's Guide To Understanding Buddhism

SALUTATION
O generation of the thoroughly smug
and thoroughly uncomfortable,
I have seen fishermen picnicking in the sun,
I have seen them with untidy families,
I have seen their smiles full of teeth
and heard ungainly laughter.
And I am happier than you are,
And they were happier than I am;
And the fish swim in the lake
and do not even own clothing.

Ezra Pound

The Alchemy Web Site
Levi Asher's Queensboro Ballads
Mark Dery's Shovelware
David Gans' Truth and Fun Literary Archive
Richard Gehr: Rubrics and Tendrils
Terence McKenna's Hyperborea
Orfeo:
A Dialog between Robert Hunter and Terence McKenna
Steve Silberman's Digaland